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Figure 2.2Experience of cannabis use among school students: lifetime use, 30-day prevalence,12-month prevalence and regular use by age, gender and region (percentages)45403563072520151050204 35 73 2269613133435114 5 5588 7 885 4 5 4 514 years 15 years 16 years 17 years Male Female Vienna East exceptViennaCannabis use at least once in life but not in the past 12 monthsCannabis use in the past 12 months but not in the past 30 daysCannabis use in the past 30 days but not more than 6 timesCannabis use more than 6 times in the past 30 daysWestSource: Strizek et al. 2008; representation by GÖG/ÖBIG2.3 Drug use among targeted groups/settings atnational and local levelsNo new data on drug use among specific groups are available. ChEck iT! (see Chapter10.3) carried out an online survey, the results of which have not yet been published,however.16 © GÖG/ÖBIG, <strong>Report</strong> on the Drug Situation 2010
3 PreventionFollowing the EMCDDA classification of prevention, this chapter has been divided intouniversal prevention, selective prevention and indicated prevention 5 . However, inpractice the terms of primary and secondary prevention 6 continue to be used to someextent as this classification is regarded to be less stigmatising. In Austria, thecorresponding programmes are primarily implemented at local and regional levels, inaccordance with expert consensus. In this context, the provincial Addiction PreventionUnits (see Figure 1.1), the Addiction Prevention Forums of Salzburg and Vienna as wellas regional coordination and control bodies (Salzburg) play important roles. As a rule,prevention measures are oriented towards long-term effectiveness and sustainability,which is aimed at primarily by means of training programmes for multipliers. In linewith Austria’s comprehensive approach to addiction, many prevention measures arenot aimed at specific substances but also encompass forms of addiction that are notrelated to substances. In recent years, specific interventions concerning legalsubstances (alcohol and nicotine) as well as forms of addiction that are not related tosubstances (e.g., compulsive gambling) have become increasingly important. However,this report focuses on unspecific measures or interventions specifically aiming at illicitsubstances.In addition to a number of standard programmes carried out at nationwide level, inrecent years also numerous regional activities have routinely been initiated andadvanced (see Tables A30 to A33 in Annex A). Current prevention measures taken are5Universal prevention is aimed at large groups of the population (e.g., school communities, towns) that,independent of the individual situation, are equally likely to develop patterns of substance use.Selective prevention focuses on smaller groups that, due to biological, psychological, social or environmentalrisk factors – independent of the individual situation – are more likely to develop patterns of substance use thanthe general population (e.g., children of addicted parents).Indicated prevention addresses individual persons who already show early signs of substance use or problempatterns of behaviour that are associated with drug use but do not yet meet the criteria for a diagnosis ofdependence and for whom the risk of developing addictive behaviour is thus particularly high. A requirementfor indicated prevention is that medical experts have already diagnosed mental, conduct or behaviouraldisorders that are known to constitute risk factors regarding the development of addictive behaviour, e.g.,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).6Primary prevention aims at avoiding the development of a disease, in this case, an addiction disease, alreadybefore drug use or drug problems have arisen. Secondary prevention addresses drug users who definitely haveproblems, which have not yet become manifest to their full extent, however.Chapter 3 / Prevention 17
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7.2 Prevention and treatment of dru
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distribution of condoms) is provide
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information on the risks of additio
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While smaller shares of women state
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Map 8.1Specialised providers of inp
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The Lighthouse housing project of M
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empowerment that had been aimed at,
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handling of drugs: Section 27 of th
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also shows regarding prison sentenc
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Stadtpark, and Westbahnhof station.
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mation on final convictions because
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practitioners and psychiatrists). I
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10 Drug MarketsThe substance most f
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head shop in Graz (Styria) in Augus
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(from 2005 to 2008, the correspondi
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Part BSelected Issues
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national quality standards for medi
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Also, both at federal and provincia
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Table 11.1, continuedTitle and year
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Plans for new guidelines and standa
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12 Cost of Drug-related TreatmentTh
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centres so far (Schweizer Haus Hade
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greatest percentage of the respecti
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(e.g., days of hospital stay becaus
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BibliographyAPA 2010. AIDS 2010. Wi
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EMCDDA 2000. Treatment demand indic
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Haas, S. (2005). Problembewusste Fr
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Pont, J.; Wool, R. (2006). Ein Leit
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VIVID 2010. Jahresbericht 2009. VIV
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Personal Communications(alphabetica
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Caritas Marienambulanz. Drug relate
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Low threshold service Ganslwirt(Ver
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Viennese pilot project “Pregnancy
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Lower Austria: Fachstelle für Such
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Caritas Innsbruckhttp://www.caritas
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Otto-Wagner-Spital — Drogeninstit
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AnnexA. Tables, MapB. List of Abbre
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Table A1Overview of selected genera
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Table A2, continuedStudy(author(s),
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Table A5Number of directly drug-rel
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Table A7Distribution of directly dr
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Table A11Distribution of reports of
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Table A15Final convictions under th
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Table A18Seizures of narcotic drugs
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Table A22Persons starting drug trea
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Table A29Current health problems of
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The programme plus is implemented i
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Proven regional interventions run f
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Table A34Austrian population statis
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Annex BList of Abbreviations
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HCVHCV-AbHCV-RNAHIVICD-10IFESISDISP
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List of Standard Tables of 2010 and
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© Gesundheit Österreich GmbHStube
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