The Reading Teacher's Sourcebook - The Meadows Center for ...

Chapter 8Fluencyterms to knowAutomaticityFluencyProsodyRateResults when words are recognized immediately without having to decode sounds orsyllablesThe ability to read text quickly, accurately, and with expressionInterpreting cues such as punctuation, italics, and boldface words with appropriatepauses, stops, intonation, and pitch variationThe speed of reading(NRP, 2000; Osborn & Lehr, 2003; Encarta World English Dictionary; Chard, Vaughn, & Tyler, 2002)Why should middle school reading teachers focus onfluency?Fluency is said to be the bridge between word recognition and comprehension (Vaughn & Linan-Thompson, 2004). Slow and laborious reading is frustrating for secondary students and often leads themto avoid reading altogether (Rasinski et al., 2005).There is a correlation between reading fluency and reading comprehension, so in addition to instructionin comprehension strategies, teaching students to read fluently may help them better understand whatthey read (Fuchs, Fuchs, Hosp, & Jenkins, 2001). If students spend most of their effort focused onword recognition or reading one word at a time without phrasing, their ability to comprehend text iscompromised. Fluent readers at the middle school level display the following characteristics:• Read 100–160 words per minute.• Have automatic word recognition skills.• Group words into meaningful phrases or chunks.• Read with expression.• Make few word identification errors and usually self-correct when they do make errors.• Understand what they read.The Reading Teacher’s Sourcebook 221