Determination of Creep Compliance and Tensile Strength of Hot-Mix ...

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It should also be noted that although the indication is that deformations at thespecified times are used for calculation of creep compliance, an averagedeformation value based on several deformations that straddle the specified timeline was actually used for creep compliance calculations. This averaging of severalvalues (a minimum of two and a maximum of nine) was done to account for noise inthe data. For example, if the South Horizontal deformation value at 5 seconds wasbeing determined, horizontal deformations on the south face of the specimen at 4.6,4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4 seconds were averaged. However todetermine the deformation at t zero , a smaller number of values were averagedbecause the absolute value of the change in deformation per 0.1 second was usuallygreater than at later times.0.009t zero (relative to stabilized load)100sec P avg = 2001.5 lbf25000.0082000 + 2%Deformation (mm)0.0070.0060.0050.004time = 1 sec (relative to t zero ). Deformationvalues along this line used to calculatecreep compliance at 1 second2000 - 2%200015001000Load (lbf)0.0030.0025000.001Time to Stablized Load (i.e. Ramp Time) = 3.0 seconds0.00000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22Time (sec)North Horizontal South Horizontal North Vertical South Vertical LoadFigure 6: Deformation Determination for Creep Compliance CalculationsPoisson’s RatioPoisson’s ratio, ν, is calculated as follows:2 22⎛ X⎞⎛bavg ⎞ ⎛ X⎞ν=−0.10 +1.480⎜ ⎟ −0.778⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎝Y⎠⎝D(6)avg ⎠ ⎝ Y ⎠15
where:0.05 ≤ ν ≤ 0.50Tensile Strength and Tensile Failure StrainCalculation of tensile strength per T 322-07 is given by Equation 7.2×Pf,nS =π×bn×Dt, n (7)nwhere:S t,n = tensile strength of specimen, nP f,n = maximum load observed for specimen, nAs the “first failure” concept was utilized during IDT strength testing, calculation oftensile strength would be accomplished using Equation 7 but P f,n would be the loadassociated with the maximum y-x differential or the maximum load, whicheveroccurred first. The average tensile strength for a particular set of replicatespecimens is also an input to the Thermal Cracking Module of the M-E PDG.Tensile failure strain is calculated as follows:ΔXε = f 6tf × 10 (8)GLwhere:ε tf = tensile failure strain (microstrain)ΔX f = the horizontal deformation (10 -6 mm) at failure.GL = gauge length in mm (38 for 150 mm diameter specimens)16
Page 1 and 2: • • • • • • • • •
Page 3 and 4: TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Test Equip
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLESTable 1: HMA Mixes an
Page 11 and 12: OBJECTIVESThe objective of this pro
Page 13 and 14: voids generally describes the avera
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1: Test Equipment SetupCreep
Page 17 and 18: and level of % air voids. Although
Page 19 and 20: specimen is actually at the test te
Page 21 and 22: same four mixes but at 4.4°C (40°
Page 23: n Dn PNormalization Constant = ×
Page 27 and 28: Table 4: Creep Compliance: 06-101 (
Page 29 and 30: 0.10Creep Compliance (1/GPa)07-123
Page 31 and 32: as it pertains to creep compliance,
Page 33 and 34: However, published documentation of
Page 35 and 36: Getting back to the issue of the er
Page 37 and 38: 0.090Creep Compliance @ 100 sec. @
Page 39 and 40: Table 12: Instrumented Tensile Stre
Page 41 and 42: Table 15: All Tensile Strength: -10
Page 43 and 44: 100090080006-101Virgin binder = PG7
Page 45 and 46: Tensile Failure StrainThe tensile f
Page 47 and 48: Table 18: Tensile Failure Strain: -
Page 49 and 50: CONCLUSIONSExpected trends such as
Page 51 and 52: REFERENCES1. Guide for Mechanistic-
Page 53 and 54: APPENDIX A: CREEP COMPLIANCE
Page 55 and 56: 0.080.070.06Creep Compliance (1/GPa
Page 57 and 58: 0.200.180.160.14Creep Compliance (1
Page 63 and 64: 0.300.25Creep Compliance (1/GPa)0.2
Page 65 and 66: 0.140.12Creep Compliance (1/GPa)0.1
Page 67 and 68: Table B-19: Non-instrumented Data @
Page 69 and 70: Table B-21: Instrumented Data @ 21.
Page 71 and 72: Table B-23: Instrumented Data @ 4.4
Page 73 and 74: Table B-25: Instrumented Data @ -10
Page 75 and 76:
Table B-27: Instrumented Data @ -10
Page 77 and 78:
Table B-29: Instrumented Data @ -10
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Determination of Creep Compliance and Tensile Strength of Hot-Mix ...

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