Eggplant Integrated Pest Management AN ECOLOGICAL GUIDE

_____________________________________________________________________Ecology of insect pests and natural enemiesNon-systemic: pesticideforms layer on the plantSystemic: pesticide is taken up by theplant and transported to other partsThe advantage of systemic pesticides is that they can control pest insects that are difficult to reachbecause they are protected inside a plant, such as thrips. It is important to check the persistence (howlong it stays “active”) of such a pesticide. Most systemic pesticides should not be applied shortly beforeharvest because the pesticide may still be inside the plant or the fruit when it is harvested and eaten.4.11.9 WHO classification of pesticidesThe World Health Organization (WHO) has designed a classification table in which 4 toxicity categoriesfor pesticides are described. Most pesticides are classified by their potential risk to human health, usuallybased on acute oral LD 50levels. LD 50is based on experiments with animals and is the number of mg ofpesticide per kg of body weight required to kill 50% of a large population of test animals. Based onchemical data and tests, a chemical pesticide is classified in one of the four categories.Biological pesticides (biocontrol agents) such as Bt, NPV or Trichoderma are not included in the WHOclassification because the methods of testing the safety of these products are different from testingchemical pesticides.Examples of classification of some common pesticides available in Vietnam, Cambodia and Indonesia.Note that some pesticides are banned.Class IaExtremelyhazardousMethylparathion(Folidol) 2Mevinphos(Mevinphose) 2Alachlor(Lasso) 3Class IbHighly hazardousClass IIModeratelyhazardousClass IIISlightlyhazardousMethamidophos Fenitrothion (Ofatox) 1 TrichlorfonTamaron) 3(Monitor 1,2 ,(Dipterex) 1Edifenphos(Hinosan) 1Dichlorvos(DDVP) 2Monocrotophos(Azodrim) 2Metomil(Lannate) 3Class IV*unlikely to presentacute hazard innormal useKasugamycin(Kasai) 1Dimethoate(Bi58) 1Dicofol(Kelthane) 3 Zineb 1CypermethrinValidamycin A(Sherpa 1 , Vifenva 2 ,(Validacin) 1Cyrin) 2FenvalerateDiafenthiuron(Sumicidin) 1,,3(Pegasus) 2DeltamethrinAtrazin(558) 1 (Gesaprim, others) 3FenobucarbBenomyl(Bassa) 1(Benlate) 32,4-D 3 Maneb 3Endosulfan(Thiodan, a.o.) 3Paraquat(Gramoxone) 31Murphy, Helen, 1999. Data collected from farmers in Vong Xuyen village, Phuc Tho district, Ha Tayprovince, Vietnam.2Murphy, Helen, 1998. Data collected from farmers from two locations (Banteay and Kandal) in Cambodia.3Murphy, Helen, 1998. List of pesticides available in Indonesia 1989 – 1997.66Eggplant Ecological Guide