Eggplant Integrated Pest Management AN ECOLOGICAL GUIDE

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________Introduction1.3 Developing vegetable IPM based on rice IPMThe FAO Inter-Country Programme for IPM in Vegetables in South and Southeast Asia has branched offfrom the Inter-Country Programme for IPM in Rice in South and Southeast Asia. This programme, on riceIPM, has been running for many years and has trained thousands of trainers and nearly one million ricefarmers in Asia during its many years of existence (1980-2002). The experiences obtained from IPMtraining work in rice-based cropping systems has provided important lessons for extending training workto vegetable-based cropping systems.However, reflecting on ecosystem considerations related to origins of both rice and major vegetablecrops in Asia, it is important to note that there are major differences in crop ecosystems which haveimportant implications for pest management strategies in both crops.Rice is indigenous to Asia; this crop has been grown by farmers for thousands of years. Most vegetableswere imported from other parts of the world, even though this may have been done already many yearsago. Therefore, rice ecosystems harbour a large and extremely biodiverse population of indigenousnatural enemies whereas these may not be present in similar abundance and diversity in vegetableecosystems. Pest management in rice is mainly based on “informed non-intervention”, i.e. continuemonitoring the field but do not apply pesticides. A complex of natural enemies will likely be able to keeppest insect populations low whereas healthy rice plants can compensate for major crop injury withoutyield loss.As for vegetables, Shepard and colleagues showed in Indonesia that pesticides could be reduced by75% without reducing yield, thanks to the presence of native natural enemies. However, in manyecologically depressed vegetable ecosystems, there may not be indigenous natural enemies that areeffective enough to keep pest populations low. The pest management strategy needed in vegetableecosystems is therefore frequently based on “informed intervention”. Often, pest and disease problemswill require appropriate and informed intervention to keep these problems under control. This importantdifference is summarized in the following table.Differences between Asian Rice and Vegetable IPM and Implications for Management Strategy:CROP RICE VEGETABLESOrigin Indigenous Mostly ExoticIndigenous (Arthropod) Extremely diverseNot as diversebio-diversityStability ecosystem Stable (if not disturbed) Not as stableManagement strategyINFORMEDNON-INTERVENTIONINFORMED (PREVENTIONAND) INTERVENTION1.4 Eggplant: a bit of historyEggplant (Solanum melongena) is also called brinjal (India, Bangladesh) and aubergine (in Europe).Like the tomato, potato and pepper it belongs to the Solanaceous family. The fruit can be eaten raw, orserved as a baked, grilled, fried or boiled vegetable and can be used in stews or as a garnish.One of the oldest references to eggplant is in a fifth century Chinese book. A black dye was made fromthe plant and used by ladies of fashion to stain their teeth, which, after polishing, gleamed like metal.Wild eggplant occurs in India and was first cultivated there. Arab traders took it to Spain, the Spaniardsbrought it to the Americas, and the Persians to Africa. The eggplants received in various Europeancountries in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries varied greatly in shape and color. The first knowneggplants were probably of the class now grown as ornamentals, the fruit white and resembling an egg.By 1806, both the purple and white ornamentals were growing in American gardens. Modern eggplantsare oval, round, or elongated and have shiny purplish black, white or green fruit.3Eggplant Ecological Guide
_________________________________________________________________________________Eggplant Crop Development2 EGGPLANT CROP DEVELOPMENTSUMMARYThis chapter describes general growth stages for eggplant. Accurate growth stage descriptions arevery useful in pest management since plant susceptibility to pests varies with the growth stage.Some growth stages can tolerate damage by certain insect pests or diseases whereas in otherstages crop damage may result in yield loss. Trials to study the ability of the eggplant tocompensate for pest injury at particular growth stages is an important element of IPM field studies.A table in this chapter indicates the susceptibility of growth stages to injury from various insectpests and diseases. It can be used to develop, with farmers, a more appropriate growth stagesdescription (or cropping calendar) for your area, based on locally used varieties and terminology.4Eggplant Ecological Guide
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EGGPLANT INSECT PESTSEggplant Fruit
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Eggplant Integrated Pest Management AN ECOLOGICAL GUIDE

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