physical world, it is aware of the physical world, and itknows nothing other than the physical world.We cannot know what is inside us, and we cannot alsoknow what is inside the world. Now, to see what is insidethe world is not to break the earth into pieces, just as, to seewhat is inside us, it would not be enough if we simplypierce the heart or break the body. The ‘inside’ is not to betaken in this sense. It is not the inside of a room, a hall or ahouse. This is a peculiar kind of ‘inside’ which we cannoteasily understand, unless we think over it deeply. Even if webreak through the body or split an object, we cannot see the‘inside’ of the body or the object because the physicalinternality of the object is not the real ‘inside’ of it. Eventhat would be merely the physical part of the object, alone.What is the ‘inside’ of the object? The ‘inside’ is that whichis internal to the physical aspect of the object, because evenif the physical object is broken to pieces, we see only thephysical parts of it. If we cut to pieces a human body, whatdo we see? We see the parts of the same body. We have seenthe same physical stuff; we have not seen anything internalto the physical aspect of the body. The internal is not thespatial internality of any physical entity, but that power orforce of which the physical body or the physical object is aconcretisation or manifestation. The subtle body of ours,the astral body, is called, in Sanskrit, liṇga-śarīra or liṇgadeha.Liṇga is a mark, an indication or a symptom. Thesubtle body is called a symptom, an indication or a mark,because it determines the character of the physical bodywhich is its manifestation. The physical body is nothing butthe form that is cast in the mould of the subtle body. The60
subtle body is not visible to us, and it is internal to thephysical body. Of course, there are certain things which areinternal even to the subtle body, whose study we shall bemaking in the course of the study of this <strong>Upanishad</strong>. Theinternal structure of the body is not the physical structure.It is constituted of a different stuff altogether, calledtanmātrās, mānās, buddhi, and the like. Tanmātrās aresubtle vibrations that are inside physical things, and allphysical bodies. The vibrations materialise themselves intoforms, and in this sense the vibrations are called nāmā, andthe forms rūpa.The nāmā and the rūpa of the Vedānta philosophy, orof the <strong>Upanishad</strong>s, are not the names and the forms withwhich we are usually familiar in our social life, but theyrather correspond to what Aristotle called in his system,form and matter. Form, according to Aristotle, is theformative power of an object, and matter is the shape thispower takes by materialisation, concretisation, etc. Thesubtle body may be regarded as the nāmā, and the physicalbody the rūpa. It is the nāmā or name in the sense that itindicates a form which is the object corresponding to it,namely the body. The liṇga-śarīra, the sūkṣhma-śarīra ofours, is our name. That is our real name, and if at all wename ourselves as Gopāla, Goviṇda, Kriṣhna, etc., that namewhich is given to us at the time of nāmākarana, the namingceremony, should correspond to our character within. Thename should not be incongruent with our essential nature.The real name is within us. It is not merely a word that weutter with reference to us. You may call a man,kshīrasāgara-bhatta (ocean of milk), but he may not have61
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THE MĀNDŪKYAUPANISHADSWAMI KRISHN
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CONTENTSPublishers’ Preface ...
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INTRODUCTIONThe theme of the Manduk
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ceases to agitate the mind any more
- Page 9 and 10: INVOCATION AND VERSESOm! Bhadram ka
- Page 11 and 12: svapna-sthāno’ntaḥ-prajñaḥ
- Page 13 and 14: 8. This identical Ātman, or Self,
- Page 15 and 16: THE PRANAVA OR OMKARAThe Vedas, in
- Page 17 and 18: and rūpa, name as well as form. It
- Page 19 and 20: Now, we come from what we call Īsv
- Page 21 and 22: and to achieve this by a direct met
- Page 23 and 24: structure and the glory of Om. With
- Page 25 and 26: desire persisting, it would only po
- Page 27 and 28: magnificence of Om, but how are we
- Page 29 and 30: experience a thrill, as if an elect
- Page 31 and 32: THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE ABSOLUTEThe
- Page 33 and 34: vai tat. The reconciliation of “t
- Page 35 and 36: yaccānyat trikālātitam tadapyomk
- Page 37 and 38: The ultimate longing of all aspirin
- Page 39 and 40: to the realisation of asti-bhāti-p
- Page 41 and 42: structural difference is an effect
- Page 43 and 44: self is the false self, not the rea
- Page 45 and 46: cow, with four feet? The four feet
- Page 47 and 48: Consciousness. A study of conscious
- Page 49 and 50: THE UNIVERSAL VAIŚVĀNARAThis Ātm
- Page 51 and 52: these dealings are with ‘other’
- Page 53 and 54: the Virāt, or the Universal Person
- Page 55 and 56: logical discrimination. This is the
- Page 57 and 58: it were. This is the function of th
- Page 59: world’s existence, not merely a p
- Page 63 and 64: Now, we consider the meaning of bah
- Page 65 and 66: ecause the consciousness of the jī
- Page 67 and 68: cannot have power over things. We a
- Page 69 and 70: we have about the dream world in re
- Page 71 and 72: is a complicated case for investiga
- Page 73 and 74: never pass such a judgment. You are
- Page 75 and 76: are in a particular state, that sta
- Page 77 and 78: But, if you feel that by waking up
- Page 79 and 80: The dream consciousness which is ta
- Page 81 and 82: ecause freewill is only as much rea
- Page 83 and 84: Dreams, therefore, are due to repre
- Page 85 and 86: egarded as pravivikta, sūkṣhma,
- Page 87 and 88: The third foot of the Ātman the th
- Page 89 and 90: ānanda, swallow ānanda, consume
- Page 91 and 92: Causal Condition, known as Īsvara.
- Page 93 and 94: ocean is being described here, the
- Page 95 and 96: of an effect, namely, the plant, an
- Page 97 and 98: Īsvara’s Being. For Him, it is a
- Page 99 and 100: or Destroyer, more than a cause of
- Page 101 and 102: which you have seen, heard, etc.? B
- Page 103 and 104: where existence becomes identical w
- Page 105 and 106: simply are. You have become That, a
- Page 107 and 108: peaceful. But the peace of the Ātm
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THE ĀTMAN AS THE PRANAVAThe Ātman
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the Ātman in the waking state is c
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symbolic, as the comparison of Brah
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Therefore, your generation, your po
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the deep sleep state, even as all o
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elationless. Samviśatyatmanātmān