The Physiology of Flowering Plants - KHAM PHA MOI

INDEX 377apomixis 303apoplast 72–76, 74, 93, 108, 114, 215,232, 358, 359, 361apoplastic loading see phloemapple 68, 93, 308, 309, 361aquaglyceroporins 67aquaporins 67, 75, 118, 298aquatic plants 30, 50, 52, 105, 166,349, 362Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)187, 188, 231, 234, 256, 261,294, 302, 331, 334, 339,340, 360flower structure 285, 286flowering control 279–281, 280,282, 287, 290genome size 196, 200, 209morphology 222, 223, 233, 236, 282mutagenesis 182, 196–197root structure 239, 239–241, 240,242, 333Araceae 48, 167Arachis hypogaea see peanutarbuscule 121, 121Arbutus unedo 90arealeaves 12, 34, 171, 172root systems 68, 241argentum mutant, pea 232Arisaema triphyllum 167, 207, 207Aristolochia brasiliensis 72ARR4 protein 266Arum maculatum spadixcell multiplication 213, 213respiration 48, 48, 213thermogenesis 48ascorbate (vitamin C) 16, 353asparagine 137aspartate 26, 26, 126, 137aspartic acid see aspartateaspen 285Asteraceae 29, 144, 303Astragalus 106ATHK gene 350ATHK1 protein 350atmospheric conditions and wateruptake 78, 88–89, 91ATP (adenosine triphosphate)10, 22, 25, 39, 54–57, 115,126, 138in cellular work 53, 153in membrane transport 115, 116requirement for CO 2 fixation 26,29, 32synthesis 45, 48–49, 349photosynthetic 15–16, 22respiratory 40–41, 45, 46–49ATP : ADP ratio 54ATPase 103AtPIN3 protein 330–331autotrophy 11, 122, 133autotropism 320AUX gene 330aux 330AUX1 protein 331auxanometer 162auxin 124, 179–182, 186, 210, 211,214–215, 216, 218, 236–237, 242,276, 308, 310, 323–324, 326–329,334concentration 179conjugated 181effects 181mechanism of action 215–217receptors 195structure 181synthetic 181transport 181, 236, 236, 326, 327,329, 330–331auxin-binding protein 195auxin-responsivegenes 327, 328–329transcription factors 341Avena fatua see wild oatAvena sativa see oatavocado 309Avogadro’s number 374axillary bud see bud, axillaryAzospirillum 129Azotobacter 128Bacillus subtilis 369Bacillus thuringensis 36bacteria 11, 15, 185, 186, 190denitrifying 128growth rates 168nitrifying 128symbiotic 123bacteroids 125, 125–126bamboo 167, 168Bambusa see bamboobanana 207barium sulphate in statoliths 333, 334bark 133, 228, 357barley 26, 36, 111, 113, 120, 273, 295,304, 334, 370barnase (RNase) 300basipetal transport, auxin see auxinbay laurel 90bean 92, 119, 128, 135, 167, 302, 304,305, 307see also Phaseolusbeech 72beetroot 142Bellis perennis see daisyBertholletia excelsa see Brazil nutBeta vulgaris 142, 297betaine 124Betula sp. see birchBetula pendula 314Betula pubescens 91bicarbonate 9, 26bidirectional transport in phloem 141Biloxi soybean 273, 275bimolecular lipid layer, membrane67, 103, 357, 359bioassay of hormones 181bioinformatics 202biological clock 174, 274biomass 29, 37, 38, 54biosphere 9, 10, 11, 127biosynthesis of macromolecules 11,56birch 86, 91, 121, 122, 314birch bolete 121black cottonwood 254blackberry 308bleeding sap 77–78, 85blue light 339effect on stomata 21, 339in photomorphogenesis 255,255–256in photoperiodism 280in tropisms 330–331, 340bog myrtle 127boron 105, 112, 128Borya nitida 348Botrytis cinerea 168, 168, 169bound water 362boundary layer 19, 88, 96Bradyhizobium 123Brassica sp. 298, 299, 308Brassica napus oleifera see oilseed rapeBrassica napus rapifera see swedeBrassicaceae 103, 144brassinolide 189brassinosteroids 189, 191, 211, 256,257, 266Brazil nut 307bristlecone pine 165broad bean 168, 168brown-heart disease 128