The Physiology of Flowering Plants - KHAM PHA MOI

382 INDEXgene (cont.)promoter 147reporter 231, 265repression 143, 147transfer see genetic engineeringgenerative cell 292genetic engineering 35, 129, 143, 261,368–370genetically modified (GM) plants185–187, 188, 206, 265, 301,307recombinant DNA technology 185transgenic plants 35, 138, 185–187,193–194, 226, 243, 254, 262,262, 262, 279, 285, 300, 328,353, 368–370, 369genomeof Arabidopsis 200, 209sequencing 200size 196, 200, 208, 209genomics 200, 202geotropism see gravitropismgermination see seed germinationGFP see green fluorescent proteingi (gigantea) mutant 280Gibberella fujikuroi 182gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) 180, 182, 210,211, 276, 281, 308, 311–314, 315gibberellins 180, 182–184, 183, 192,334effects 183in flowering 276in germination 312, 313structure 180, 182girdling 133glands 53, 354GLC see gas–liquid chromatographyglobal photosynthesis 11, 32, 38global warming 36, 38globoid 307glucose 40, 43, 48, 52, 137, 304, 309glucose-1-phosphate 41glucose-6-phosphate 41, 42glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase42glucose phosphate isomerase 51glucosinolates 308-glucuronidase (GUS) 231, 328glutamate 26, 123, 137glutamic acid see glutamateglutamine 123, 137glutathione 16, 103glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase41, 51glycerol 45glycine betaine 352, 352, 368Glycine max (soja) see soybeanglycolysis 40, 40–42, 43, 45, 48, 51–52,55glycophyte 354glyoxylate cycle 45, 315glyoxysome 45, 315GM plants see genetic engineeringGossypium barbadense see cottongrafting 139, 274gramicidin 118Gramineae see Poaceaegrand period of growth see growthgranum, of chloroplast 15grape 308, 309grapevine 277grass 20, 21, 29, 104, 106, 119, 178,180, 254, 297, 303gravitropic setpoint angle (GSA) 321,321–322, 330gravitropism 320, 320–336, 321, 322,323, 327, 329, 341perception 331–336, 332presentation time 331reaction (latent) time 331statocyte 333, 333–336statolith 333, 333–336, 334theory 333stimulus reciprocity 332great fen ragwort 314green fluorescent protein (GFP) 138,146, 199, 265, 328Green Revolution 183, 184–185greenhouse effect 36, 38grey speck disease 128groundsel 165growthallometric 173, 174arithmetic 170by cell division 163, 223–224,229–231, 239–241by cell expansion (elongation) 163,225, 232conditions necessary 165–167correlation 86, 146definition 161, 164determinate 165, 278, 281, 283exponential 170–172, 171grand period 172, 172–173, 175heterogonic see allometricindeterminate 165, 277, 282, 283limiting factors 167linear 162, 168, 170localization 164–165logarithmic see exponentialmathematical analysis 170–173measurement of 162–163movementsnastic see nastic responsestropic see tropisms; gravitropism;phototropismprimary 205, 227rate 29, 37, 54, 69, 88, 96, 167–173,181absolute 168, 169net assimilation rate (NAR) 173relative (RGR) 54, 168, 168–170,169, 170, 173regulating substances see hormonesrhythms 119, 174–175, 174–176,175secondary 136, 206, 227–228, 241temperature limits 166, 166, 167guard cells see stomataGUS see -glucuronidaseguttation 77gynoecium 285, 293gynophore 194, 323H see hydrogenH + see hydrogen ionsH + ATPase 215–217see also proton pumphalophytes 80, 354haploid plants 184, 292hardiness see stressHatch–Slack cycle see C 4 cycleheartwood 71heatloss from plants 34, 56–57production 48, 56–57radiation into space 10, 11shock 364, 366proteins (HSP) 365, 367stress see stress, high temperatureheavy metals 130Hedera helix see ivyHelianthus annuus see sunflowerHelleborus niger 291, 291hemicellulose 215, 295henbane 272herbaceous plants 68, 75, 76, 78, 144,169, 169herbicide resistance 185, 186herbivores 103, 189, 190, 191, 308, 318heteroglycan 215heterozygous plants 299, 303, 312