Hygiene Promotion - IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre

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5.2 Case studies: AsiaIndia 1: A decade of hygiene education in KeralaTopics: Integrated projects; training; PHASTThe first integrated rural water supply and environmental sanitation project in Kerala, India,supported by DGIS and Danida, introduced a hygiene education component in both waterand sanitation activities more than a decade ago. The first and foremost thing is to identifyand train good cadres of committed social workers for community mobilisation andeducation (including hygiene). The main goal is that the workers should be able to selectthe right type of approach or combination of approaches for each situation and use themeffectively. They use very simple methodologies for communication. They avoidsophistication and high-profile jargon from the sector. This involves more than simplyexplaining the importance of hygiene education to the people. Adequate thrust has to begiven to studying and understanding how beliefs and attitudes influence behaviour(especially hygiene practices) and thus affect disease transmission. Based on the outcomeof the local assessment, the project designed a (one time) radio programme on hygieneeducation in water supply and environmental sanitation for a period of six months.Schools were used as focal points for popularising the water and sanitation programme.This includes the value of water, water management, handling of water, hazards of openairdefecation, use and maintenance of WATSAN facilities etc. The case study contributorwas involved in the PHAST methodology at the pre-testing stage. He commented that “itthen became an academic exercise, and it was quite disappointing that not much focuswas given to learning from others”. However, afterwards other participatory learningmethods for school sanitation and hygiene education were developed and are nowpublished in a forthcoming manual: The Joy of LearningEmail: bkurup@md3.vsnl.net.inFor details, see K. Balachandra Kurup et al, The community managed sanitationprogramme in Kerala: Learning from experience, IRC Project and Programme Papers, 4-E,1996). http://www.irc.nl/page/1869The Joy of Learning is available at http://www.irc.nl/page/167Palestine : The Hygiene Improvement Framework in 45 villagesTopics: HIF; baseline study; impact analysisThe EHP and Save the Children have implemented the USAID-funded Village WaterSystems (VWS) Project in 45 villages in the West Bank in West Hebron and South Nablus.Villages range in size, but most are under 5,000 in population. VWS consists of threeprimary components, all of which track very closely with the Hygiene ImprovementFramework. The largest component is the engineering design (access to hardware) of thewater supply systems. All the water supply systems are piped. The second component isthe establishment of three joint services councils (enabling environment). Joint services42 Hygiene promotion
councils (JSCs) are associations of villages that are created to provide a public servicesuch as water supply or solid waste. They are legally independent and are registered in theMinistry of Local Government.Each JSC manages the water distribution systems in its service area and carry out all thebasic functions of a water utility. The third component is the environmental healthcomponent (hygiene promotion). To design this component an environmental healthconditions and practices study was carried out with 300 heads of household and 300children. Also stool samples from 300 children 12–47 months were analysed , and twowater samples from 100 households (point of entry and point of use). Together with theLondon School for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Water Supply and SanitationCollaborative Council (WSSCC) EHP developed guidelines and model questionnaire.These were used not only in Palestine, but also in DR Congo, India,Madagascar, Nicaragua, and Peru.The intervention focused on on infrastructure and management of water supply andsanitation services. Since EHP was responsible for all three components, it has been ableto integrate them and identify important synergies. For example, in addition to health andhygiene information, the household survey collected information on water consumption,wastewater disposal practices, household income, and how much people currently arepaying for water and wastewater disposal. The information was of benefit in determiningthe ability and willingness to pay for services.The project implemented a series of small projects on handwashing, home management ofdiarrhea in children-under-5, and improved household level-water storage and disinfectionpractices. Due to the prevailing political situations, the focus was on simple, communitybasedinterventions that could potentially lead to a reduction of child diarrhoea andintestinal parasites. Partnerships between relevant ministries and government agencies,and in particular the Ministry of Health, were formed and serve as the basis for supportingIntegrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in the country. The impact on practicesand conditions, has as far as could be established, not yet been researched.http://www.dec.org/pdf_docs/PDACA584.pdfhttp://www.phishare.org/files/887_JP5WestBankAssessfinal.pdfEmail: Fred Rosensweig, EHP.5.3 Case studies: Latin AmericaGuatemala 1: Social marketing for handwashingTopics: Social marketing; handwashing promotion; messages and mediaA handwashing promotion programme in Guatemala found that parents saw clean childrenas more attractive and happier. Handwashing was considered good, but enabling factorswere lacking. Soap, water and towels were scattered. Handwashing placed demands onIRC International Water and Sanitation Centre 43
Page 2: Please note that the TOPs are a web
Page 7 and 8: 1. Hygiene PromotionWhat do you kno
Page 9 and 10: 2. Why hygiene promotion matters2.1
Page 11 and 12: • The costs of inaction can be hi
Page 13 and 14: 3. Learning from experiences and re
Page 15 and 16: • Hygiene Improvement Framework (
Page 17 and 18: groups, and facilitators of partici
Page 19 and 20: The diagrams are taken from McKee
Page 21 and 22: • Food, utensils and food prepara
Page 23 and 24: Guides for developing hygiene promo
Page 25 and 26: • What may prevent this change in
Page 27 and 28: areas, slabs and sanplats for latri
Page 29 and 30: often not taken seriously and their
Page 31 and 32: IIIIIIIVVInputsProcOutpEffectiImpae
Page 33 and 34: over for reasons of hierarchy, e.g.
Page 35 and 36: 5. Case studiesOn the following pag
Page 37 and 38: The Project recognises the importan
Page 39 and 40: almost all cases been exceeded, as
Page 41 and 42: skin diseases, HIV/AIDS and tubercu
Page 43: understanding of the importance of
Page 47 and 48: o through a schools programme, with
Page 49 and 50: outputs and outcomes are focused mo
Page 51 and 52: Harvey, Eric, Shadrack Dau, Alana P
Page 53 and 54: programmes more effective. The obje
Page 55 and 56: scale. Comparison is on approach, l
Page 57 and 58: Hygiene Behaviour Network, in Globa
Page 59 and 60: WHO - World Health Organizationhttp
Page 61 and 62: Tel: (703) 247-8730Fax: (703) 243-9
Page 63 and 64: Manila, PhilippinesTel: +632 911-57
Page 65 and 66: TOP Courses and conferencesCREPA, B
Page 67 and 68: TOP ReferencesBoot, Marieke T. and
Page 69 and 70: TOP Quiz on Hygiene PromotionTry it
Page 71 and 72: Question 4All the interventions wil
Page 73 and 74: Then you may decide that this paper
Page 75 and 76: Appendix 1. Hygiene promotion manua
Page 77 and 78: 2. Target specific audiences.These
Page 79 and 80: Appendix 4. WASH facts and figures1
Page 81 and 82: Research)18: (IHE Newsletter, Janua
Page 83 and 84: Appendix 6. Preventive measuresMeas
Page 85 and 86: Appendix 8. Some key objectives for
Page 87 and 88: Appendix 9. Participatory tools and
Page 89 and 90: Appendix 10. The PHAST approachFor
Page 91 and 92: Planning techniques are used to sim
Page 93 and 94: While sensitive topics are often be
Page 95:
About IRCIRC facilitates the sharin
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