Hygiene Promotion - IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre

outputs and outcomes are focused more on than effective processes. Comes with cases inBurkina Faaso, Guatemala, Niger and Zimbabwe.Curtis, Valerie, Sandy Cairncross and Raymond Yonli (2000). ‘Domestic hygiene anddiarrhoea: pinpointing the problem.’ Tropical Medicine and International Health, volume 5no 1 pp 22–32 january 2000http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3156.2000.00512.xOn cost-efficiency and effectiveness of targeting key risky practices in hygiene promotioninterventions.Curtis, Valerie, Bernadette Kanki, Simon Cousens, Ibrahim Diallo, Alphonse Kpozehouen,Morike Sangare´, & Michel Nikiema (2001). ‘Evidence of behaviour change following ahygiene promotion programme in Burkina Faso.’Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2001, 79: 518–527.http://www.who.int/bulletin/pdf/2001/issue6/vol.79.no.6.518-527.pdfSurveys were used to determine if a 3-year programme had changed behavioursassociated with the spread of diarrhoeal diseases. Programme characterics were: tailoredto local customs, targeting specific practices, building on existing motivation for hygieneand using locally appropriate communication channels. After three years, three-quarters ofthe mothers targeted had had contact with programme activities and half could cite the twomain messages correctly. Safe disposal of children’s stools changed little (from 80% to84%), but handwashing with soap after cleaning a child’s bottom rose from 13% to 31%.The proportion of mothers who washed their hands with soap after using the latrineincreased from 1% to 17%. Hygiene promotion programmes can thus change behaviourand are more likely to be effective if they are built on local research and use locallyappropriate communication channels repeatedly and for an extended time.Favin, M. ; Naimoli, G. ; Sherburne, L. (2004). Improving health through behavior change :a process guide on hygiene promotion. (Joint publication / EHP; no. 7). Washington D.C.,USA, US Agency for International Development and Arlington, VA, USA, EnvironmentalHealth Project EHP).http://www.ehproject.org/PDF/Joint_Publications/JP007-CIMCIProcessGuideWeb.pdfA comprehensive guide to develop hygiene promotion programmes for behaviouralchange. The intended audience are researchers, planners and managers. Included areorganization, preparation, and formative research in representative communities, followedby strategy formulation, planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation.Community participation is through local CBOs and volunteers, but outsiders are incommand. It would be possible to use visual participatory tools (e.g. social maps and selfassessmenttools for measuring practices and monitoring change) in addition to or insteadof focus group discussions and role palys, which are the major methods used to get atlocal perspectives.IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre 47