Hygiene Promotion - IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre

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20. Following the introduction of the Guatemalan Handwashing Initiative in 1998, therewere 322,000 fewer cases of diarrhoea each year amongst the 1.5 million childrenunder 5 nationwide in the country's lowest income groups.21. In Zambia, one in five children die before their fifth birthday. In contrast in the UKfewer than 1% of children die before they reach the age of five.22. A study in Karachi found that people living in areas without adequate sanitation whohad no hygiene education spend six times more on medical treatments than thosewith sanitation facilities.23. Waterborne diseases (the consequence of a combination of lack of clean watersupply and inadequate sanitation) cost the Indian economy 73 million working days ayear. And a cholera outbreak in Peru in the early 1990s cost the economy US$1billion in lost tourism and agricultural exports in just 10 weeks.24. Improved water quality reduces childhood diarrhoea by 15-20% BUT better hygienethrough handwashing and safe food handling reduces it by 35% AND safe disposalof children’s faeces leads to a reduction of nearly 40%.25. At any time, 1.5 billion people suffer from parasitic worm infections stemming fromhuman excreta and solid wastes in the environment. Intestinal worms can becontrolled through better sanitation, hygiene and water. These parasites can lead tomalnutrition, anaemia and retarded growth, depending upon the severity of theinfection.26. It is estimated that pneumonia, diarrhoea, tuberculosis and malaria, which accountfor 20% of global disease burden, receive less than 1% of total public and privatefunds devoted to health research.27. Ecological sanitation is one option being practised in some communities in China,Mexico, Vietnam, etc. Excreta contain valuable nutrients. We produce 4.56 kgnitrogen, 0.55 kg phosphorous, and 1.28 kg potassium per person per year fromfaeces and urine. This is enough to produce wheat and maize for one person everyyear.28. One gram of faeces can contain: 10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000 bacteria, 1,000parasite cysts, 100 parasite eggs.Sources:5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25: WaterAid6, 25: WELL Technical Brief(http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/services/tecbriefs/factoids.htm)16: Water for African Cities presentation, Stockholm Water Symposium, August 200112: Vision 21 – Water For People, March 2000, WSSCC1, 2, 3, 4, 19: WHO/UNICEF/WSSCC Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment2000 Report17: WELL Planned Work studies 163 and 164.20: Saadé et al (2001) The Story of a Successful Public-Private Partnership in CentralAmerica: Handwashing for Diarrhoeal Disease Prevention. BASICS, EHP, UNICEF,USAID and The World Bank27: Esrey and Andersson (1999), Environmental Sanitation from an Ecological SystemsApproach 26: (10/90 Report on Health Research, 2000. Global Forum for Health78 Hygiene promotion
Research)18: (IHE Newsletter, January 2001)28: Advocating Sanitation - how, why and when? Sanitation Connection(http://www.sanicon.net/titles/topicintro.php3/topicId=1).For more information:Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council c/o WHO (CCW),Http://www.wsscc.org20 Avenue Appia,CH-1211 Geneva 27Switzerland.Tel. +41 22 791 3544Fax +41 22 791 4847E-mail: wsscc@who.chIRC International Water and Sanitation Centre 79
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Please note that the TOPs are a web
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1. Hygiene PromotionWhat do you kno
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2. Why hygiene promotion matters2.1
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• The costs of inaction can be hi
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3. Learning from experiences and re
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• Hygiene Improvement Framework (
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groups, and facilitators of partici
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The diagrams are taken from McKee
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• Food, utensils and food prepara
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Guides for developing hygiene promo
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• What may prevent this change in
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areas, slabs and sanplats for latri
Page 29 and 30: often not taken seriously and their
Page 31 and 32: IIIIIIIVVInputsProcOutpEffectiImpae
Page 33 and 34: over for reasons of hierarchy, e.g.
Page 35 and 36: 5. Case studiesOn the following pag
Page 37 and 38: The Project recognises the importan
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Page 41 and 42: skin diseases, HIV/AIDS and tubercu
Page 43 and 44: understanding of the importance of
Page 45 and 46: councils (JSCs) are associations of
Page 47 and 48: o through a schools programme, with
Page 49 and 50: outputs and outcomes are focused mo
Page 51 and 52: Harvey, Eric, Shadrack Dau, Alana P
Page 53 and 54: programmes more effective. The obje
Page 55 and 56: scale. Comparison is on approach, l
Page 57 and 58: Hygiene Behaviour Network, in Globa
Page 59 and 60: WHO - World Health Organizationhttp
Page 61 and 62: Tel: (703) 247-8730Fax: (703) 243-9
Page 63 and 64: Manila, PhilippinesTel: +632 911-57
Page 65 and 66: TOP Courses and conferencesCREPA, B
Page 67 and 68: TOP ReferencesBoot, Marieke T. and
Page 69 and 70: TOP Quiz on Hygiene PromotionTry it
Page 71 and 72: Question 4All the interventions wil
Page 73 and 74: Then you may decide that this paper
Page 75 and 76: Appendix 1. Hygiene promotion manua
Page 77 and 78: 2. Target specific audiences.These
Page 79: Appendix 4. WASH facts and figures1
Page 83 and 84: Appendix 6. Preventive measuresMeas
Page 85 and 86: Appendix 8. Some key objectives for
Page 87 and 88: Appendix 9. Participatory tools and
Page 89 and 90: Appendix 10. The PHAST approachFor
Page 91 and 92: Planning techniques are used to sim
Page 93 and 94: While sensitive topics are often be
Page 95: About IRCIRC facilitates the sharin
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