“Computational Civil Engineering - "Intersections" International Journal

140 C. Nutiu2. BRIEF CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION DISPLACEMENTMEASURING METHODSThe development of the measuring techniques made it possible to observe andidentify the behaviour of the construction structures. There are many classificationcriteria for these methods of analysis and observation. The classifications weremade according to the type of deformation, the type of measuring equipment, orthe place where this equipment is placed during the analysis.2.1. Physical methods- made with the measuring equipment mounted inside the construction structure. Inthis case, the measuring equipment is displaced simultaneously with the structure,so the relative deformation and displacement can be measured. This type ofmeasurement can be made using mechanical, physical, electrical or electronicmethods. For this case, we can define a relative model, as there are no externalsupporting points. We have only results for relative movements between the pointsthat are moving on the same object. According to the type of the parameters to bedetermined, we can include in this group:• Measuring of linear displacement and deformations (settlements, arches,horizontal displacements) using the arch amplifier, stick gauge, threadcomparator (for transmission of the displacement over long distance);• Measuring of angular displacement (turnings) using the lever clinometer,spirit level clinometer and pendulum clinometer;• Measuring of relative sliding displacement using the caliper beam or thestick gauge;• Measuring of specific cripplings using tensiometers or electrical,mechanical, optical-mechanical, pneumatic, photoelastical orelectroacoustical (with vibratory chord) strain gauges;• Measuring of displacements, speeds, accelerations and dynamicdeformations using the vibration meter, vibration-measuring apparatus,seismic accelerograph, electrodynamical accelerometer (piezoelectrical orresistive), transducer of seismometric type, magnetoelectrical recorder,cathode-ray oscillograph;• Measuring of the deformations for the expansion joints using a teledilatometerand a micrometer for measuring expansion joints.