âComputational Civil Engineering - "Intersections" International Journal

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“Computational Civil Engineering 2005”, International Symposium 213archives can be found in the land (30-35% of the points can be considereddestroyed); 14 polygons of grade 1 have been created and bulkily adjusted (Fig. 1).Within these polygons the levelling lines of grades 2, 3 and 4 have been adjusted.The resulting constant terms have not exceeded the admissible tolerances; thechecks carried out revealed that the state-owned levelling in the networks of grades1-4 is relatively homogenous; in the MN “0” – 1975 reference system just a fewworks have been carried out that preserved the description of the exitingtopographic points created when measurements in the MB or MNC system havebeen carried out.3. MODERNISATION OF THE ROMANIAN GEOMETRICALLEVELLING NETWORK OF GRADE 1 USING HIGH-ACCURACYGEOMETRICAL LEVELLINGThe main goal of these modernisation works was the creation of transcontinentallines that link the Black Sea and Baltic Sea marigraphs. In the same time, in orderto study the vertical movements of the crust of the earth in this area, a levellingnetwork at Eastern-European level had to be accomplished.The works of creating the new network, i.e. the planning, land recognition andexecution have started in 1972, while the land measurements were set to start in1974. Consequently, in the planning phase the levelling routes of the new networkhave been overlapped with the grade 1 levelling routes executed previously, andfive new lines have been added. These new lines have created smaller polygonsand useful values for the enclosure in the common polygons to neighbouring states.These line are: Mangalia – Negru Voda, Giurgiu – Calarasi, Calafat – Simian,Orsova – Socol, Socol – Timisoara.The Romanian high-accuracy levelling network consists of 19 polygons with aperimeter of 82-850 km, consisting of 62 lines of 24-247,55 km in length; thenetwork has 6400 benchmarks and has a total length of 6620 km. The 19 levellingpolygons are distributed uniformly within the country, and have as marginal linesthe borders and 24 links to the neighbouring countries, as follows: 6 links toBulgaria, 10 links to Yugoslavia, 5 links to Hungary and 3 links to Ukraine.The fundamental point of the levelling network was designed and realised in thearea of Tariverde, Constanta County. This was linked by its own levelling networkto the three marigraphs which were to provide the most probable height ascompared to the “0” Black Sea.The levelling lines have been divided into sectors of around 50 km in length,allowing the error analysis to be made within the tolerances.
214 C. NutiuIn 1988 the land measurements have been completed in the entire Romanian highaccuracygeometrical levelling network. In 1990 the phase of adjustment andcreation of the level registers has started for each line. The calculation algorithmfollowed the principles of adjustment by means of indirect observations in freegeodesic networks, applied to the high-accuracy geometrical levelling networks.The creation of the new network determined the need for extending the new levelsystem to the geometric levelling networks of grade 1-4, both in order tohomogenise the accuracy of these networks and to meet the various needs of thenational economy.In order to integrate the Romanian geometric levelling network of grade 1 in theEastern-European U.P.L.N. (E.V.N.S.) this was adjusted to the Baltic Sea referencesystem. The adjustment was made using the method of indirect observation,restricted to the benchmarks with levels in the Baltic Sea system, as a result of theinternational adjustment of the network (E.V.N.S.).The network with the levels specified in the Baltic Sea system consists of thefollowing: 46 nodal benchmarks of the national network, 14 benchmarkspreviously with levels in the (E.V.N.S.) network and the 5 nodal benchmarks of thepolygon of the Tariverde fundamental benchmark, adjusted as a reduced networkfor the 14 benchmarks of the (E.V.N.S.) network. The differences between thelevels calculated in the Black Sea reference system and the Baltic Sea referencesystem are: the minimum difference of 0.13908 m in the nodal point Negru Voda,the maximum difference of 0.17506 m in the nodal point Calafat; averagedifference: 0.14966 m.In the future the creation of a European levelling network (E.U.V.N.) will beproposed, by unifying the Western-European U.E.L.N. network and the Eastern-European U.P.L.N. (E.V.N.S.) network. Our country will take part in this projectwith five points.4. THE LEVELLING DATABASEThe high-accuracy geometrical levelling creates a topographic database andinformation base as a separate domain. This is hierarchically structured on twolevels, as follows: state-owned networks and levelled detail points. For each ofthese levels there will be some databases with functionalities specific to the goaland adapted to the level they are located at. The levels consist of three zones thatwill be created in modular fashion and will be implemented in phases. These zonesare:- zone 1 = the data and information set,- zone 2 = data processing,
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âComputational Civil Engineering - "Intersections" International Journal