4.12 Test Excavation 167 (T-167) - Honolulu Rail Transit Project

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Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: KALIHI 23Kewalo Geographic Zone4.14 Test Excavation 168A (T-168A)Ahupua‘a:LCA : 387HonoluluTMK #: 2-3-002:059Elevation Above Sea Level:UTM:Max Length/Width/Depth:Orientation:Targeted Project Component:USDA Soil Designation:2.15 mHHCTCP City Center (Section 4) AIS Report, Vol. IV C 778TMK: [1] 1-2, 1-5, 1-7, 2-1, 2-3 (Various Plats and Parcels)618818.3835 mE, 2355397.189 mN3.67 m / 0.88 m / 2.24 mbs150 / 320° TNStation BuildingFill land (FL)Setting: Test Excavation 168A (T-168A) was located approximately 79.0 m southeast of WardAvenue and Ilaniwai Street intersection, and was located within a parking lot. T-168A was anadditional excavation added to further investigate and delineate the boundries of the buried A-horizon (SIHP # 50-80-14-7429). T-168A also investigated a portion of the station building. T-168A was located on private property owned by Victoria Ward Ltd. The excavation surface waslevel with the surrounding land surface.Summary of Background Research and Land Use: Land Court Application 670 map 1indicates that T-168A was originally situated on a large parcel of land awarded to the AmericanBoard of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) as part of LCA 387. The LCAtestimonies indicated taro cultivation, fishpond farming, and salt production in the region. The1884 Bishop map of Honolulu to Kewalo indicates that T-168A was located within marsh landcalled Kukuluaeo, 24.0 m northeast of LCA 10463:1, awarded to Napela. An unimproved orplanned roadway is also depicted, extending northeast (mauka) to southwest (makai) within 33.0m of T-168A. The roadway is also depicted on the 1887 Wall map of Honolulu along with threestructures in the vicinity of T-168A. The structures were located approximately 97.0 mnorthwest, 51.0 m southwest, and 180.0 m southwest of T-168A. The 1897 Monsarrat map ofHonolulu depicts infrastructure development immediately north of T-168A including a nearmodernstreet grid with the closest intersection being Queen Street and Cummins Street 135.0 msoutheast and the Cyclomere bicycle track 300.0 m north. Expanded urbanization in the vicinityof T-168A is depicted throughout the series of twentieth century topographic maps and Sanbornfire insurance maps.Few archaeological studies were conducted in the immediate vicinity of T-168A. In 2000, CSHconducted archaeological monitoring for Ward Village Phase II (Ward Theaters), approximately175.0 m southeast of T-168A. A buried A-horizon and naturally-deposited pond sediments weredocumented in portions of the project area but, no cultural resources were assigned (Winieskiand Hammatt 2001). In 2005, CSH conducted an archaeological inventory survey for the MoanaVista Project on Kapi‘olani Boulevard, located approximately 300.0 m east of T-168A. Nocultural resources were encountered (O’Leary and Hammatt 2006).
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: KALIHI 23Kewalo Geographic ZoneDocumentation Limitations: T-168A was excavated to a depth of 2.24 mbs and beneath thewater table at 2.02 mbs. T-168A was relocated from its original position due to the presence of asubsurface concrete jacket (see following T-168A plan view).Stratigraphic Summary: The stratigraphy of T-168A consisted of fill strata overlying naturalsediment to the base of excavation. Observed strata included asphalt (Ia), extremely gravellysand fill (Ib), gravelly silty clay loam fill (Ic), clay loam fill (Id), very gravelly silty clay loam fill(Ie), gravelly silty clay loam fill (If), very gravelly sandy loam fill (Ig), gravelly sand fill (Ih) andsandy clay (Ii) overlying a sandy loam buried A-horizon (II) and Jaucas sand (III). Thestratigraphy generally conformed to the USDA soil survey designation of Fill land (FL).Artifacts Discussion: No artifacts were observed.Features Discussion: No Features were observed.Terrestrial Faunal Remains Collected During Excavation: No terrestrial faunal remains werecollected individually during excavation.Sample Results: A total of three bulk sediment samples were collected within T-168A includingtwo samples from Stratum II between 1.40-145 mbs and between 1.40-1.53 mbs, and one samplefrom the Stratum II/III interface between 1.49-1.58 mbs. All of the bulk samples were wetscreened.Only small amounts of naturally-occurring, water-rounded marine shell wereencountered within each bulk sediment sample.GPR Discussion: A review of amplitude slice maps indicated no linear features although aconcrete jacket was encountered during excavation. Reflectivity was relatively uniformthroughout the grid and decreases with depth. A transition from higher reflectivity to lowerreflectivity was observed at approximately 0.5 mbs.GPR depth profiles for T-168A identified horizontal banding, commonly associated withstratigraphic layering, throughout the survey area. This banding corresponded to variations ofdensity and chemical composition within fill deposits. The profile also indicated a change inreflectivity occurring around 0.2 mbs. No utilities were observed in the profile although aconcrete utility jacket was encountered during excavation. The maximum depth of clean signalreturn was approximately 1.0 mbs.Summary: T-168A was excavated to a depth of 2.24 mbs, and beneath the water table at 2.02mbs. The stratigraphy of T-168A consisted of fill strata (Ia-Ii) overlying natural sediment (II-III)to the coral shelf. The stratigraphy generally conformed to the USDA soil survey designation ofFill land (FL). A total of three bulk sediment samples were collected within T-168A includingtwo samples from Stratum II between 1.40-1.45 mbs and between 1.40-1.53 mbs, and onesample from the Stratum II/III interface between 1.49-1.58 mbs. Only small amounts ofnaturally-occurring, water-rounded marine shell were encountered within each bulk sedimentsample. Stratum II within T-168A is considered to be a component of SIHP# 50-80-14-7429, aburied, culturally-enriched A-horizon. (see Volume I for further discussion on all culturalresources.)HHCTCP City Center (Section 4) AIS Report, Vol. IV C 779TMK: [1] 1-2, 1-5, 1-7, 2-1, 2-3 (Various Plats and Parcels)
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4.12 Test Excavation 167 (T-167) - Honolulu Rail Transit Project

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