4.12 Test Excavation 167 (T-167) - Honolulu Rail Transit Project

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Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: KALIHI 23 Kewalo Test Excavations 162 – 1784.23 Test Excavation 174 (T-174)Ahupua‘a:LCA : 387HonoluluTMK #: 2-3-002:001Elevation Above Sea Level:UTM:Max Length/Width/Depth:Orientation:Targeted Project Component:USDA Soil Survey Designation:1.41 m618979 mE, 2355309 mN6.76 m / 0.74 m / 1.25 m232 / 52° TNUtility RelocationFill land (FL)Setting: Test Excavation 174 (T-174) was located in a parking lot 13.0 m southwest of QueenStreet and approximately 8.0 m northwest of an Office Depot. A gas line was located 1.0 mnortheast and 2.0 m northwest. Utilities in the vicinity of T-174 included two water lines located2.0 m southeast and 2.0 m southwest of the excavation area.Summary of Background Research and Land Use: Land Court Application 670 map 1indicates that T-174 was originally situated on a large parcel of land awarded to the AmericanBoard of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) as part of LCA 387. The LCAtestimonies indicated taro cultivation, fishpond farming, and salt production in the region. The1884 Bishop map of Honolulu to Kewalo indicates that T-174 was located within marsh landcalled Kukuluaeo, 180.0 m southeast of LCA 10463:1, awarded to Napela. An unimproved orplanned roadway is also depicted, extending northeast (mauka) to southwest (makai) within145.0 m of T-174. The roadway is also depicted on the 1887 Wall map of Honolulu. The 1897Monsarrat map of Honolulu depicts infrastructure development immediately north of, andincluding T-174, which is depicted within Queen Street and 45.0 m southeast of the Queen Streetand Cummins Street intersection. Expanded urbanization in the vicinity of T-174 is depictedthroughout the series of twentieth century topographic maps and Sanborn fire insurance maps.Several archaeological studies have been conducted in the vicinity of T-174. In 2000, CSHconducted archaeological monitoring for Ward Village Phase II (Ward Theaters), approximately100.0 m south of T-174. A buried A-horizon and naturally-deposited pond sediments weredocumented in portions of the project area but, no cultural resources were assigned (Winieskiand Hammatt 2001). In 2002, CSH conducted archaeological monitoring for the Kaka’akoImprovement District 7 (ID-7) Project along Kamake‘e Street from Queen Street to Ala MoanaBoulevard. Three human burials (SIHP# 50-80-14-6376, -6377, and -6378) were inadvertentlydiscovered during the project, one of which was encountered within a beach sand deposit (Souzaet al. 2002). In 2004, Pacific Consulting Services, Inc conducted a subsurface archaeologicalinventory survey at Kapi‘olani Boulevard and Kamake‘e Street and noted remnants of theKewalo wetlands surface (SIHP# 50-80-14-6636) (Clark and Gosser 2005). In 2005, CSHconducted an archaeological inventory survey for the Moana Vista Project on Kapi‘olaniBoulevard, located approximately 175.0 m northeast of T-174. No cultural resources wereHHCTCP City Center (Section 4) AIS Report, Vol. IV C 840TMK: [1] 1-2, 1-5, 1-7, 2-1, 2-3 (Various Plats and Parcels)
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: KALIHI 23 Kewalo Test Excavations 162 – 178encountered (O’Leary and Hammatt 2006). In 2010, CSH conducted archaeological monitoringfor a Traffic Signal Project around the intersection of Queen Street and Kamake‘e Street, whichwas located approximately 45.0 m southeast of T-174. Portions of a truncated buried A-horizonoverlying Jaucas sand were documented, and no cultural resources were encountered (Yamauchiet al. 2011).Documentation Limiatations: T-174 was excavated to a depth of 1.25 mbs and beneath thewater table at 1.15 mbs. Two utility lines were located in the northeastern portion of T-174 andlimited documentation.Stratigraphic Summary: The stratigraphy of T-174 consisted of fill overlying natural sediment.The observed strata included asphalt (Ia), gravelly sandy loam fill (Ib), gravelly sandy loam fill(Ic), sand fill (Id), sandy loam fill (Ie), natural sand (II), natural sandy loam (III). Thestratigraphy generally conformed to USDA soil designation of Fill land (FL).Artifacts Discussion: No artifacts were encountered.Features Discussion: No features were observed.Terrestrial Faunal Remains Collected During Excavation: A single Sus scrofa (possible) ribfragment was collected individually during excavation from Stratum Ie (0.67-1.03 mbs). Thisbone showed no evidence of cultural modification and Sus scrofa is a Polynesian introductioncommon in both pre- and post-Contact contexts, therefore no conclusions can be drawn from thissample.Sample Results: A single 1.0 liter bulk sample from Stratum II was collected at 1.0 mbs. Thesample was wet-screened but contained no material.GPR Discussion: A review of amplitude slice maps indicated linear features which couldcorrespond to one of the utilities encountered during excavation. Reflectivity was relativelyuniform throughout the grid and decreases with depth. A transition from higher reflectivity tolower reflectivity was observed at approximately 0.5 mbs .GPR depth profiles for T-174 identified horizontal banding, commonly associated withstratigraphic layering, throughout the survey area. This banding corresponded to variations ofdensity and chemical composition within fill deposits. The profile also indicated a change inreflectivity occurring around 0.15 mbs. Several anomalies were observed in the profile and oneseems to correspond to a utility that was encountered during excavation. The maximum depth ofclean signal return was approximately 1.4 mbs.Summary: T-174 was excavated to a depth of 1.25 mbs and beneath the water table at 1.15mbs. The stratigraphy of T-174 consisted of fill (Ia-Ie) overlying natural sediment (II-III). Thestratigraphy generally conformed to USDA soil designation of Fill land (FL). A single Sus scrofa(possible) rib fragment was collected individually during excavation from Stratum Ie (0.67-1.03mbs). This bone showed no evidence of cultural modification and Sus scrofa is a Polynesianintroduction common in both pre- and post-Contact contexts, therefore no conclusions can bedrawn from this sample. A single 1.0 liter bulk sample from Stratum II was collected at 1.0 mbs.The sample was wet-screened but contained no material. No cultural resources were identifiedwithin T-174.HHCTCP City Center (Section 4) AIS Report, Vol. IV C 841TMK: [1] 1-2, 1-5, 1-7, 2-1, 2-3 (Various Plats and Parcels)
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4.12 Test Excavation 167 (T-167) - Honolulu Rail Transit Project

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