Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities - Divers Alert ...

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0.60.70.80.9Figure 112 shows the maximum oxygen partial pressure (PO2) forPDE divers and injured divers who used nitrox. Very few PDEdivers had a PO2 of greater than 1.4 atm, while divers with injurieshad PO2s as high as 2 atm.% of Dives2018161412108610.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.92 and up957 PDE Dives44 InjuriesFig 112Maximum oxygenpartial pressureduring nitrox divingfor injured PDEdivers.42011.1Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Breathing Gas Mix at Depth (atm)DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2003 Edition 99
GlossaryAGE — Arterial Gas EmbolismDecompression injury caused by bubbles that enter the arterial circulation due tolung damage from breath holding during ascent ("burst lung"). The brain is the mostcommonly affected organ. AGE can occur during any dive, independent of depth-timeexposure. AGE signs and symptoms generally occur within 10-15 minutes of ascentand affect some aspect of brain function.DCC — Data Collection CenterA diving operation that collects data for Project Dive Exploration.DCI — Decompression IllnessA general term for decompression injury that includes both AGE and DCS. Both aresometimes grouped together as DCI because they can be difficult or impossible to distinguishand because the treatment for both is the same – oxygenand recompression.DCS — Decompression SicknessDecompression injury caused by bubbles that form within the body during andafter ascent. Unlike AGE, the risk of DCS depends on the severity of the depth-timeexposure.DCS I — Type 1 DCSDCS symptoms that are not serious threats to diver health and for which completerecovery is likely. These include limb pain, itching, rash, fatigue or swelling.DCS II — Type 2 DCSDCS signs and symptoms that are potential threats to diver health and for whichrecovery may not be complete. These include decreased strength, abnormal sensation,heart or breathing problems, problems with thinking or consciousness, problems withvision, hearing, speaking, balance, coordination, and problems with bladder or bowelfunction.DL7 — Dive Log 7 StandardThe DL7 Standard was drafted after a 1997 DAN Workshop in Cozumel that discussedthe use of dive computers to collect open-water diving data. The DL7 objectives wereto facilitate data exchange between dive log applications, scientific data acquisitionsoftware, and hyperbaric chambers or hospitals that treat decompression illness.The DL7 is available upon request from the Divers Alert Network.100DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2003 Edition
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Report onDecompres
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Dedicated toDr. Peter B. BennettThe
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AcknowledgmentsData for the 2002 <s
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International DAN OfficesDAN Americ
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When divers have questions about th
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Flying After Diving (FAD) StudyIn 1
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In 2002, DAN trained six interns fr
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DAN Training ProgramsOxygen First A
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DAN members are also eligible for d
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DAN Diver Identification System (DI
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Instructors who don’t have access
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Of 522 reports submitted in 2001, 5
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2. Dive Injuries2.1 Injury Data Des
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Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE)• Symp
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The pre-existing medical problems o
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Figure 7 shows the number of self-r
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As shown on Figure 11, most diving
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As in previous years, the largest p
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Figure 19 shows number of days divi
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Figure 23 shows the maximum depth o
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2.4 Signs and Symptoms in Injured D
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Figure 29 shows symptoms reported b
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Fig 32Distribution ofcases by PSI.E
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Figure 35 shows the administration
Page 49 and 50: Figure 37 shows the type of recompr
Page 51 and 52: 2.6 Therapeutic OutcomeFigure 40 sh
Page 53 and 54: Figure 43 shows that AGE was more l
Page 55 and 56: 3. Dive FatalitiesDAN is not the pr
Page 57 and 58: Figure 49 shows the gender and cert
Page 59 and 60: Figure 53 shows the time of day at
Page 61 and 62: Figure 57 shows the distribution of
Page 63 and 64: Figure 61 shows the limited informa
Page 65 and 66: 4. Project DiveExplorationPDE is an
Page 67 and 68: Fig 65Cumulativenumber of PDEdives
Page 69 and 70: Table 10Number ofseries per diver.T
Page 71 and 72: Figure 69 illustrates the certifica
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 DivesMost PDE data (97 percent)
Page 75 and 76: 4.5 Dive SeriesPDE recorded 1,960 d
Page 77 and 78: The maximum depth of the dive serie
Page 79 and 80: The workload reported by divers in
Page 81 and 82: The pre-flight surface interval (PF
Page 83 and 84: Fig 88Percentageof dives bycertific
Page 85 and 86: Figure 90 shows the month in which
Page 87 and 88: All PDE divers were asked to report
Page 89 and 90: The incidence of DCS was different
Page 91 and 92: Figure 94 shows the proportion of m
Page 93 and 94: Fig 98Comparison ofdive purpose byp
Page 95 and 96: Figures 102 and 103 show how the po
Page 97 and 98: 6. Mixed-Gas DivingThis section off
Page 99: Figure 110 shows that injured diver
Page 103 and 104: Appendix A: Injury Case Rep
Page 105 and 106: During the second day of diving, th
Page 107 and 108: Case 6. Delayed Onset of Mild Neuro
Page 109 and 110: Case 9. One Diver Treated Twice in
Page 111 and 112: Appendix B: Fatality Case R
Page 113 and 114: Proximate Cause: Drowning / AirEmbo
Page 115 and 116: Proximate Cause: Cardiac01-05 Divin
Page 117 and 118: the water with the instructor and a
Page 119 and 120: 01-22 Public safety diver who was o
Page 121 and 122: dock. Fifteen minutes into the dive
Page 123 and 124: end of the dive, but seemed to be d
Page 125 and 126: 01-67 Inexperienced diver, diving s
Page 127 and 128: 01-61 Novice diver lost control of
Page 129 and 130: entry into a freshwater lake for a
Page 131 and 132: 2002 PublicationsBennett PB, Rostai
Page 133 and 134: Notes132DAN’s Report</str
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