Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities - Divers Alert ...

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01-09 Certified diver ascended withpotential medical problems, thendescended again; body not recoveredCause of Death: Death, unknown cause(body not recovered)This 58-year-old male was a certified diverwith unknown experience. He and a buddymade a shore entry for a planned dive to 60fsw (18 msw). The two divers descendedtogether to 40 fsw (12 msw), and the decedentwas witnessed to ascend, clutch his chest andthen descend again. He was not seen againafter that, and a body was never recovered. Acardiac event or air embolism comprise thetwo most likely diagnoses.01-12 Diver low on air, separated frombuddies and ascended alone into a strongcurrent; body not recoveredCause of Death: Death, cause undetermined(body not recovered)This 53-year-old male was a certified diverwith eight lifetime dives. He was in a threepersonbuddy team making a dive to 75 fsw(22.5 msw) in a strong current. The decedentshowed his buddies that he was low on airand signaled that he was going to ascend. Heascended ahead of his dive buddies and wasnot seen again. The body was never recovered.Contributing factors/ significant diagnosesincluded insufficient air.01-25 Technical diver descended withoutbuddy and did not returnCause of Death: Death, cause undetermined(body not recovered)This 54-year-old male was a technical divermaking a deep air dive from a boat on an oilrig. He entered the water before his divebuddy. Despite the buddy’s encouragementotherwise, the decedent went below the surfacebefore his dive buddy was even in thewater. The buddy went down to their prearrangedmaximum depth of 233 fsw (70msw) but could not locate the decedent. Thedive buddy made an additional dive to 200fsw (60 msw) to search for the lost diver, buthe was unsuccessful in finding him. A bodywas never recovered. Contributingfactors/significant diagnoses included nitrogennarcosis.01-48 Diver with cardiac disease separatedfrom buddy; body not recoveredCause of Death: Death, cause unknown(body not recovered)This 43-year-old male certified diver had amedical history that included two myocardialinfarctions and significant coronary artery disease.He and a buddy made a dive to 130 fsw(39 msw) and became separated during theascent at approximately 25 fsw (7.5 msw). Thedecedent’s body was never recovered.Contributing factors/significant diagnosesincluded coronary atherosclerosis, myocardialinfarcts, remote.01-49 Experienced technical diver and divemasterattempted personal depth record,never returnedCause of Death: Death, cause undetermined(body not recovered)This 39-year-old male was a very experiencedtechnical diver and divemaster. He routinelymade very deep dives on air for the “narcosishigh” and planned to set a personal depthrecord of 320 fsw (96 msw). He and anotherdiver set up the dive without any stageddecompression stops or any breathing gasother than air. Each diver descended alone,and the other diver first completed a bouncedive to 260 fsw (78 msw). The decedent thenbegan his dive, and was believed to havedescended below 300 fsw (90 msw). He wasnot seen again. The authorities searched fortwo days, but a body was never recovered.Contributing factors/significant diagnosesincluded nitrogen narcosis and tobacco abuse.DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2003 Edition 125
01-61 Novice diver lost control of buoyancyon descent, despite buddy assistance; bodynot recoveredCause of Death: Death, cause undetermined(body not recovered)This 19-year-old female was making her firstdive since certification and her first dive incold water. There was a strong current andpoor visibility. She and her dive buddyplanned a dive to 50 fsw (15 msw), but as theyheaded down the decedent continued past the150 fsw (45 msw) mark. Her dive buddy triedto render assistance but could not bring her upfrom the 200 fsw (60 msw) bottom. The rescueattempt was complicated by the decedentbeing overweighted and unconscious. Beforeshe lost consciousness, the stricken diver wasseen having difficulty inflating her buoyancycompensator. The decedent’s buddy returnedto the surface and was treated for decompressionsickness. Despite an extensive search, thediver’s body was never recovered.Contributing factors/significant diagnosesincluded panic and nitrogen narcosis.01-65 Diver low on air, became separatedfrom buddy; body not recoveredCause of Death: Death, cause undetermined(body not recovered)This 31-year-old male had open-water certificationand 20 lifetime dives. He made a shoreentry dive to deeper than 120 fsw (36 msw)with his dive buddy. They became low on airand agreed to ascend, but the two diversbecame separated at approximately 60 fsw (18msw). The decedent’s buddy went down to180 fsw (54 msw) trying to locate him, but abody was never recovered. Contributing factor/significantdiagnosis included nitrogennarcosis.01-76 Instructor made deep dive, becameseparated from buddy, and never returnedCause of Death: DrowningThis 45-year-old male was an experienceddive instructor. He made a dive from a boat tocheck out a new dive site. The dive wasplanned to 270 fsw (81 msw), and he may havebeen experimenting with a nitrox mix. Thediver and his buddy became separated five orsix minutes into the dive. The dive buddydescended to 374 fsw (112.2 msw) searchingfor the decedent, but had no success. A bodywas not recovered. There are a few detailsregarding the dive that are missing frominvestigational reports. The decedent mayhave been on antidepressant medications,according to one report. If the decedent wastruly using nitrox, oxygen toxicity cannot beexcluded. Contributing factors/significantdiagnoses included nitrogen narcosis.Proximate Cause: Other01-08 Advanced open-water studentpanicked and made rapid ascentCause of Death: Hypoxic encephalopathydue to air embolism, rapid ascentThis 53-year-old female had been certified asan open-water diver five months previouslyand had made 13 lifetime dives. She was a studentin an advanced open-water class andmade a deep dive to 109 fsw (32.7 msw) for 18minutes. The diver made a controlled ascentto 40 fsw (12 msw), then panicked and made arapid ascent to the surface. She had lost onefin and would not keep the regulator in hermouth during the final portion of her ascent.On the surface she was unconscious. She wastransferred to a medical treatment facility,where she died two days later. An additionalproblem was that the diver was extremelyoverweighted. Contributing factors/significantdiagnoses included panic.126DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2003 Edition
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Report onDecompres
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Dedicated toDr. Peter B. BennettThe
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AcknowledgmentsData for the 2002 <s
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International DAN OfficesDAN Americ
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When divers have questions about th
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Flying After Diving (FAD) StudyIn 1
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In 2002, DAN trained six interns fr
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DAN Training ProgramsOxygen First A
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DAN members are also eligible for d
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DAN Diver Identification System (DI
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Instructors who don’t have access
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Of 522 reports submitted in 2001, 5
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2. Dive Injuries2.1 Injury Data Des
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Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE)• Symp
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The pre-existing medical problems o
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Figure 7 shows the number of self-r
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As shown on Figure 11, most diving
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As in previous years, the largest p
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Figure 19 shows number of days divi
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Figure 23 shows the maximum depth o
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2.4 Signs and Symptoms in Injured D
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Figure 29 shows symptoms reported b
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Fig 32Distribution ofcases by PSI.E
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Figure 35 shows the administration
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Figure 37 shows the type of recompr
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2.6 Therapeutic OutcomeFigure 40 sh
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Figure 43 shows that AGE was more l
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3. Dive FatalitiesDAN is not the pr
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Figure 49 shows the gender and cert
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Figure 53 shows the time of day at
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Figure 57 shows the distribution of
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Figure 61 shows the limited informa
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4. Project DiveExplorationPDE is an
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Fig 65Cumulativenumber of PDEdives
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Table 10Number ofseries per diver.T
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Figure 69 illustrates the certifica
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4.4 DivesMost PDE data (97 percent)
Page 75 and 76: 4.5 Dive SeriesPDE recorded 1,960 d
Page 77 and 78: The maximum depth of the dive serie
Page 79 and 80: The workload reported by divers in
Page 81 and 82: The pre-flight surface interval (PF
Page 83 and 84: Fig 88Percentageof dives bycertific
Page 85 and 86: Figure 90 shows the month in which
Page 87 and 88: All PDE divers were asked to report
Page 89 and 90: The incidence of DCS was different
Page 91 and 92: Figure 94 shows the proportion of m
Page 93 and 94: Fig 98Comparison ofdive purpose byp
Page 95 and 96: Figures 102 and 103 show how the po
Page 97 and 98: 6. Mixed-Gas DivingThis section off
Page 99 and 100: Figure 110 shows that injured diver
Page 101 and 102: GlossaryAGE — Arterial Gas Emboli
Page 103 and 104: Appendix A: Injury Case Rep
Page 105 and 106: During the second day of diving, th
Page 107 and 108: Case 6. Delayed Onset of Mild Neuro
Page 109 and 110: Case 9. One Diver Treated Twice in
Page 111 and 112: Appendix B: Fatality Case R
Page 113 and 114: Proximate Cause: Drowning / AirEmbo
Page 115 and 116: Proximate Cause: Cardiac01-05 Divin
Page 117 and 118: the water with the instructor and a
Page 119 and 120: 01-22 Public safety diver who was o
Page 121 and 122: dock. Fifteen minutes into the dive
Page 123 and 124: end of the dive, but seemed to be d
Page 125: 01-67 Inexperienced diver, diving s
Page 129 and 130: entry into a freshwater lake for a
Page 131 and 132: 2002 PublicationsBennett PB, Rostai
Page 133 and 134: Notes132DAN’s Report</str
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