Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities - Divers Alert ...

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DAN - Your DiveSafety AssociationFor scuba divers worldwide, DAN means safety, health and peace ofmind. DAN is a 501(c)(3) non-profit dive safety organization associatedwith Duke University Health System in Durham, N.C., and is supportedby the world’s largest membership association of divers.DAN was founded in 1980 to provide an emergency hotline to serveinjured recreational divers and the medical personnel who care for them.Originally funded by government grants, today DAN relies on membership,dive industry sponsors, product sales and fund-raising to providethe high level of service the dive community has become accustomed toreceiving.DAN America’s Services to the RecreationalDiving CommunityDAN is best known for its 24-Hour Diving Emergency Hotline, DiveSafety and Medical Information Line and its dive-related medical researchprograms. DAN America and its affiliates in Europe, Japan, SoutheastAsia-Pacific and Southern Africa also serve the recreational scuba communitywith dive first aid training programs, dive emergency oxygenequipment, affordable dive accident insurance as well as books andvideos about scuba safety and health.In 2002, DANanswered morethan 2,991 callsfor emergencyassistance fromits members anddivers on the DivingEmergency HotlineThe 24-Hour Diving Emergency Hotline is DAN’s premier service. DANmedics and physicians offer emergency consultation and referral servicesto injured divers worldwide. In 2002, DAN answered more than 2,991calls for emergency assistance from its members and divers on the DivingEmergency Hotline.In the fall of 2001, the DAN Dive Safety and Medical Information Lineextended its hours until 8 p.m. Eastern Time to be more convenient forDAN’s West Coast members. DAN’s Medical Information Line at +1-919-684-2948 (or 1-800-446-2671 toll-free in the United States and Canada) isnow available weekdays from 8:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. Eastern Time. On theMedical Information Line, callers may make specific non-emergency medicalinquiries.Also, divers can visit the medical pages of the DAN website —www.DiversAlertNetwork.org — where they can find answers to generalquestions on dive fitness and health.DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2003 Edition 7
When divers have questions about their health in relation to diving, if theyneed to find a dive physician in their area, or if they have questions onmedicines and diving, diving after surgery or other dive-related issues,DAN’s medical information specialists are there to help. The MedicalInformation Line and DAN’s website allow divers to talk to a speciallytrained dive medical technician about non-emergency dive safety andhealth concerns. Respondents include DAN medics with the resources ofDAN’s senior medical staff, on-call physicians, diving researchers at DukeUniversity Medical Center’s (DUMC) Center for Hyperbaric Medicineand Environmental Physiology and other experts in dive medicine.In some cases, DAN may refer callers to a dive medical specialist in theirregion for further evaluation. In 2002, DAN’s Medical Departmentreceived 9,677 information inquiries (including 4,174 emails). Since itsbeginning in 1980, DAN has helped 225,759 callers through these services.Medicalinformationspecialists andDAN physiciansoffer emergencyconsultation andreferral servicesto injured diversworldwide.2000018000160001400012000100008000600040002000Emergency Calls Information Line Email Inquiries0 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002DAN 24-Hour Diving Emergency Hotlinewith Immediate Insurance VerificationDive and travel medical emergencies can happen at any time. Callersto DAN’s 24-Hour Diving Emergency Hotline can reach experiencedmedical professionals who are specially trained to handle dive and travelmedical emergencies at any time, day or night.With DAN’s exclusive record-keeping system, DAN member emergencymedical evacuation assistance and dive accident insurance policy recordsare kept in one central secure location at DAN. As a DAN member, if you(or your friend, spouse or physician) call DAN’s Hotline with a divingemergency, DAN can verify membership benefits and insurance coverageright away and make arrangements for timely evacuation and / orrecompression treatment.8DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2003 Edition
Page 1 and 2: Report onDecompres
Page 3 and 4: Dedicated toDr. Peter B. BennettThe
Page 5 and 6: AcknowledgmentsData for the 2002 <s
Page 7: International DAN OfficesDAN Americ
Page 11 and 12: Flying After Diving (FAD) StudyIn 1
Page 13 and 14: In 2002, DAN trained six interns fr
Page 15 and 16: DAN Training ProgramsOxygen First A
Page 17 and 18: DAN members are also eligible for d
Page 19 and 20: DAN Diver Identification System (DI
Page 21 and 22: Instructors who don’t have access
Page 23 and 24: Of 522 reports submitted in 2001, 5
Page 25 and 26: 2. Dive Injuries2.1 Injury Data Des
Page 27 and 28: Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE)• Symp
Page 29 and 30: The pre-existing medical problems o
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7 shows the number of self-r
Page 33 and 34: As shown on Figure 11, most diving
Page 35 and 36: As in previous years, the largest p
Page 37 and 38: Figure 19 shows number of days divi
Page 39 and 40: Figure 23 shows the maximum depth o
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 Signs and Symptoms in Injured D
Page 43 and 44: Figure 29 shows symptoms reported b
Page 45 and 46: Fig 32Distribution ofcases by PSI.E
Page 47 and 48: Figure 35 shows the administration
Page 49 and 50: Figure 37 shows the type of recompr
Page 51 and 52: 2.6 Therapeutic OutcomeFigure 40 sh
Page 53 and 54: Figure 43 shows that AGE was more l
Page 55 and 56: 3. Dive FatalitiesDAN is not the pr
Page 57 and 58: Figure 49 shows the gender and cert
Page 59 and 60:
Figure 53 shows the time of day at
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 57 shows the distribution of
Page 63 and 64:
Figure 61 shows the limited informa
Page 65 and 66:
4. Project DiveExplorationPDE is an
Page 67 and 68:
Fig 65Cumulativenumber of PDEdives
Page 69 and 70:
Table 10Number ofseries per diver.T
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 69 illustrates the certifica
Page 73 and 74:
4.4 DivesMost PDE data (97 percent)
Page 75 and 76:
4.5 Dive SeriesPDE recorded 1,960 d
Page 77 and 78:
The maximum depth of the dive serie
Page 79 and 80:
The workload reported by divers in
Page 81 and 82:
The pre-flight surface interval (PF
Page 83 and 84:
Fig 88Percentageof dives bycertific
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 90 shows the month in which
Page 87 and 88:
All PDE divers were asked to report
Page 89 and 90:
The incidence of DCS was different
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 94 shows the proportion of m
Page 93 and 94:
Fig 98Comparison ofdive purpose byp
Page 95 and 96:
Figures 102 and 103 show how the po
Page 97 and 98:
6. Mixed-Gas DivingThis section off
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 110 shows that injured diver
Page 101 and 102:
GlossaryAGE — Arterial Gas Emboli
Page 103 and 104:
Appendix A: Injury Case Rep
Page 105 and 106:
During the second day of diving, th
Page 107 and 108:
Case 6. Delayed Onset of Mild Neuro
Page 109 and 110:
Case 9. One Diver Treated Twice in
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix B: Fatality Case R
Page 113 and 114:
Proximate Cause: Drowning / AirEmbo
Page 115 and 116:
Proximate Cause: Cardiac01-05 Divin
Page 117 and 118:
the water with the instructor and a
Page 119 and 120:
01-22 Public safety diver who was o
Page 121 and 122:
dock. Fifteen minutes into the dive
Page 123 and 124:
end of the dive, but seemed to be d
Page 125 and 126:
01-67 Inexperienced diver, diving s
Page 127 and 128:
01-61 Novice diver lost control of
Page 129 and 130:
entry into a freshwater lake for a
Page 131 and 132:
2002 PublicationsBennett PB, Rostai
Page 133 and 134:
Notes132DAN’s Report</str
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