Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities - Divers Alert ...

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Figure 73 describes the breathing gas used by PDE volunteers.Ninety-nine percent of the divers in our sample used open-circuitscuba. Rebreathers were used in 45 dives and surface-supplied gearin 24 dives. Air was used in majority of dives (88 percent). Nitroxwas used in 11 percent, and helium was part of the gas mix in 1 percentof the dives sampled.Nitrox11.0%Other0.8%Air88.3%Fig 73Breathing gas.Thermal protection employed by divers in the sample depended onthe geographic area where the dive was made. In Scapa Flow, nearlyall divers (97 percent) wore drysuits. The percentage of drysuituse in the remainder of the sample was only 1 percent.The reported purposes of the dives in our sample were as follows:sightseeing – 85 percent; teaching or learning – 3 percent; photography– 2 percent. In 9 percent of the cases, the purpose was notexplicitly declared, although the dive was in a typical recreationalsetting.DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2003 Edition 73
4.5 Dive SeriesPDE recorded 1,960 dive series in 2001. Figure 74 breaks down thoseseries by the number of days of diving. Dive series comprised multidaydiving in 65 percent of cases, single-day repetitive diving in 26percent of cases and single dives in 9 percent of cases.Fig 74Type of diveseries.Multiday65%Single Dive9%Repetitive DiveSingle Day26%Figure 75 describes the number of days in the dive series for participantsin PDE in 2001. An average dive series in our sample consistedof eight dives made over four days. However, the extremes ofthe sample ranged from one to 50 days and from one to 110 dives.Series consisting of six days of diving were common in liveaboardparticipants. Series with more than six days diving were, for themost part, contributed by the Cozumel dive professionals, who participatedin PDE on a long-term basis.Fig 75Number of daysin dive series.% of Dive Series40353025201510501 2 3 4 5 6 7-15 >15Days74DAN’s <strong>Report</strong> on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities and Project Dive Exploration: 2003 Edition
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Report onDecompres
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Dedicated toDr. Peter B. BennettThe
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AcknowledgmentsData for the 2002 <s
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International DAN OfficesDAN Americ
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When divers have questions about th
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Flying After Diving (FAD) StudyIn 1
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In 2002, DAN trained six interns fr
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DAN Training ProgramsOxygen First A
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DAN members are also eligible for d
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DAN Diver Identification System (DI
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Instructors who don’t have access
Page 23 and 24: Of 522 reports submitted in 2001, 5
Page 25 and 26: 2. Dive Injuries2.1 Injury Data Des
Page 27 and 28: Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE)• Symp
Page 29 and 30: The pre-existing medical problems o
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7 shows the number of self-r
Page 33 and 34: As shown on Figure 11, most diving
Page 35 and 36: As in previous years, the largest p
Page 37 and 38: Figure 19 shows number of days divi
Page 39 and 40: Figure 23 shows the maximum depth o
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 Signs and Symptoms in Injured D
Page 43 and 44: Figure 29 shows symptoms reported b
Page 45 and 46: Fig 32Distribution ofcases by PSI.E
Page 47 and 48: Figure 35 shows the administration
Page 49 and 50: Figure 37 shows the type of recompr
Page 51 and 52: 2.6 Therapeutic OutcomeFigure 40 sh
Page 53 and 54: Figure 43 shows that AGE was more l
Page 55 and 56: 3. Dive FatalitiesDAN is not the pr
Page 57 and 58: Figure 49 shows the gender and cert
Page 59 and 60: Figure 53 shows the time of day at
Page 61 and 62: Figure 57 shows the distribution of
Page 63 and 64: Figure 61 shows the limited informa
Page 65 and 66: 4. Project DiveExplorationPDE is an
Page 67 and 68: Fig 65Cumulativenumber of PDEdives
Page 69 and 70: Table 10Number ofseries per diver.T
Page 71 and 72: Figure 69 illustrates the certifica
Page 73: 4.4 DivesMost PDE data (97 percent)
Page 77 and 78: The maximum depth of the dive serie
Page 79 and 80: The workload reported by divers in
Page 81 and 82: The pre-flight surface interval (PF
Page 83 and 84: Fig 88Percentageof dives bycertific
Page 85 and 86: Figure 90 shows the month in which
Page 87 and 88: All PDE divers were asked to report
Page 89 and 90: The incidence of DCS was different
Page 91 and 92: Figure 94 shows the proportion of m
Page 93 and 94: Fig 98Comparison ofdive purpose byp
Page 95 and 96: Figures 102 and 103 show how the po
Page 97 and 98: 6. Mixed-Gas DivingThis section off
Page 99 and 100: Figure 110 shows that injured diver
Page 101 and 102: GlossaryAGE — Arterial Gas Emboli
Page 103 and 104: Appendix A: Injury Case Rep
Page 105 and 106: During the second day of diving, th
Page 107 and 108: Case 6. Delayed Onset of Mild Neuro
Page 109 and 110: Case 9. One Diver Treated Twice in
Page 111 and 112: Appendix B: Fatality Case R
Page 113 and 114: Proximate Cause: Drowning / AirEmbo
Page 115 and 116: Proximate Cause: Cardiac01-05 Divin
Page 117 and 118: the water with the instructor and a
Page 119 and 120: 01-22 Public safety diver who was o
Page 121 and 122: dock. Fifteen minutes into the dive
Page 123 and 124: end of the dive, but seemed to be d
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01-67 Inexperienced diver, diving s
Page 127 and 128:
01-61 Novice diver lost control of
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entry into a freshwater lake for a
Page 131 and 132:
2002 PublicationsBennett PB, Rostai
Page 133 and 134:
Notes132DAN’s Report</str
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