Fertile ground: papers in honour of Susan Limbrey: 68-76. Symposia of theAssociation for Environmental Archaeology 22.Hall, V.A., and Pilcher, J.R. 2002. Late-Quaternary Icelandic tephras in Ireland and GreatBritain: detection, characterisation and usefulness. The Holocene 12(2): 223-230.Hamilton, J.R.C. 1956. Excavations at Jarlshof, Shetland. Ministry of WorksArchaeological Reports No 1. Edinburgh: HMSO.Harding, D.W. 2004. The Iron Age in Northern Britain: Celts and Romans, Natives andInvaders. London: Routledge.Hassan, F. 1978. Demographic Archaeology. In M. B. Schiffer (ed.) Advances inArchaeological Method and Theory 1: 49-103. London: Academic Press.Hatting, T. 1995. Sex-related characteristics in the pelvic bone of domestic sheep (Ovisaries L.) Archaeofauna 4: 71-76.Heron, C.P. 2001. Geochemical prospecting. In Brothwell, D.R., and Pollard, A.M. (eds.)Handbook of archaeological science: 565-573. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons LtdHeron, C.P., Evershed, R.P., and Goad, L.J. 1991. Effects of migration of soil lipids onorganic residues associated with buried potsherds. Journal of ArchaeologicalScience 18(6): 641-659.Holden, T. G. with Baker, L. M. 2004. Research Report: The Blackhouses of Arnol.Edinburgh: Historic ScotlandHolliday, V. T. and Gartner, W. G. 2007. Methods of soil P analysis in archaeology.Journal of Archaeological Science 41: 301-33Hunter, J., Bond, J.M., and Smith, A.N. 2007. Investigations in Sanday, Orkney. Vol 1:excavations at Pool, Sanday. a multi-period settlement from Neolithic to Late Norsetimes. Kirkwall: The Orcadian Ltd/Historic ScotlandHunter, J.R. 1986. Rescue excavations on the Brough of Birsay 1974-82. Edinburgh:Society of Antiquaries of ScotlandJansen, H.M. 1972. A critical account of the written and archaeological sources’ evidenceconcerning the Norse settlement in Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 182(4).Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzel Forlag.Kaland, S.H.H. 1995. The settlement at Westness, Rousay. In Batey, C.E., Jesch, J., andMorris, C.D. (eds.) the Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney, and the North Atlantic:308-317. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Kardulias, P. N. 1992. Estimating population at ancient military sites: the use of historicaland contemporary analogy. American Antiquity 57 (2): 276-87.Legg, R. M. 2007. Integrated chemical and magnetic analysis of Norse deposits fromHamar, Unst, Shetland. Unpublished Masters dissertation, University of BradfordLinford, N. T. 2004. Magnetic ghosts: mineral magnetic measurements on Roman andAnglo-Saxon graves. Archaeological Prospection. 11: 167-180Maher, R. 2006. GIS on Unst. In Bond, J.M., Maher, R., and Brown, L.D. (eds.). Reportson Penmap surveys and GIS studies of possible Viking/Norse house sites in Unst,Shetland. University of Bradford: Unpublished report for Shetland Amenity Trust.Mårtensen, M. 1997. For women only? Reflections on a Viking Age settlement at Stedje,Sogndal in Western Norway. Studien zur Sachsenforschung 10.Marwick, B. 2005. Element concentrations and magnetic susceptibility of anthrosols:indicators of prehistoric human occupation in the inland Pilbara, Western Australia.Journal of Archaeological Science 32(9): 1357-136878
McDonnell, J.G. 2000. Pyrotechnology. In Brothwell, D.R., and Pollard, A.M. (eds.)Handbook of archaeological science: 493-506. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons LtdMcDonnell, J.G., and Berg, S. 2007. Iron and iron-working. In Hunter, J., Bond, J.M., andSmith, A.N. (eds.) Investigations in Sanday, Orkney: Volume 1: excavations atPool, Sanday: a multi-period settlement from Neolithic to Late Norse times:.353-388.Kirkwall: The Orcadian Ltd/Historic ScotlandMcDonnell, J.G., Outram, Z., and Marshall, W. 2007. Metal from Hamar & Underhoull:the 2006 and 2007 assemblage. In Bond, J.M., Outram, Z., and Freeth, C.M. (eds.)Viking Unst Project: excavations at Hamar and the Upper House, Underhoull: fieldseason 2007. Interim Report No.2 (Data Structure Report): 68-71. BradfordArchaeological Sciences Research 19. University of Bradford/Shetland AmenityTrust.McKenzie, J.T. 2007. Soil micromorphology. In Bond, J.M., Outram, Z., and Freeth, C.M.(eds.) Viking Unst Project: excavations at Hamar and the Upper House,Underhoull: field season 2007. Interim Report No.2 (Data Structure Report): 80-83.Bradford Archaeological Sciences Research 19. University of Bradford/ShetlandAmenity Trust.Middleton, W.D. 2004. Identifying chemical activity residues on prehistoric house floors:a methodology and rationale for multi-elemental characterization of a mild acidextract of anthropogenic sediments. Archaeometry 46: 47-65Murphy, J. and Riley, J.P. 1962. A modified single solution method for determination ofphosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta 27: 31-36Mykura, W. 1976. British Regional Geology: Orkney and Shetland. Institute of GeologicalSciences. Edinburgh: HMSONaroll, R. 1962. Floor area and settlement population. American Antiquity 27 (4): 587-89.Outram, Z., Batt, C.M., Swindles, G.T., and Church, M.J. 2007. Dating at Hamar and theUpper House, Underhoull. In Bond, J.M., Outram, Z., and Freeth, C.M. (eds.)Viking Unst Project: excavations at Hamar and the Upper House, Underhoull: fieldseason 2007. Interim Report No.2 (Data Structure Report): 91-94. BradfordArchaeological Sciences Research 19. University of Bradford/Shetland AmenityTrust.Owen, O., and Dalland, M. 1999. Scar. A Viking Boat Burial on Sanday, Orkney. EastLinton: Historic Scotland and Tuckwell press.Pilcher, J.R., and Hall, V.A. 1996. Tephrochronological studies in Northern England. TheHolocene 6(1): 100-105.RCAHMS 1946. Twelfth report with an inventory of the ancient monuments of Orkney andShetland. Edinburgh: H.M.S.OReimer, P.J., Baille, M.G.L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J.W., Bertrand, C.J.H., Blackwell,P.G., Buck, C.E., Burr, G.S., Cutler, K.B., Damon, P.E., Edwards, R.L., Fairbanks,R.G., Friedrich, M., Guilderson, T.P., Hogg, A.G., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B.,McCormac, G., Manning, S., Ramsey, C., Reimer, R.W., Remmele, S., Southon,J.R., Stuiver, M., Talamo, S., Taylor, F.W., van der Plicht, J., Weyhenmeyer, C.E.2004. IntCal04 terrestrial Radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 Cal Kyr BP.Radiocarbon 46(3): 1029-1058.Ritchie, A. 1977. Excavation of Pictish and Viking-age farmsteads at Buckquoy, Orkney.Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 108: 174-227.79
- Page 1 and 2:
VIKING UNST PROJECTEXCAVATIONS AT H
- Page 3 and 4:
This is a provisional report on the
- Page 5 and 6:
PART TWO: PERSONNEL AND RELATED RES
- Page 7 and 8:
PART ONEEXCAVATIONS AT HAMAR &THE U
- Page 9 and 10:
A geophysical survey of the site wa
- Page 11 and 12:
The 2006 & 2007 excavation seasonsT
- Page 13 and 14:
sites are multiperiod settlements s
- Page 15 and 16:
more complex; geophysics would be a
- Page 17 and 18:
floor surface included fragments of
- Page 19 and 20:
Lower room & ash pitWork also concl
- Page 21 and 22:
Figure 2.2: Plan of the sunken floo
- Page 23 and 24:
External DepositsA section was exca
- Page 25 and 26:
along the north edge (open side) of
- Page 27 and 28: Figure 2.5: The south east annexe,
- Page 29 and 30: At the lower (easternmost) end of t
- Page 31 and 32: 3. SUMMARY OF FINDS FROM THE 2008 S
- Page 33 and 34: 46mm) with working marks on three s
- Page 35 and 36: 3.2.2 A geological assessment of th
- Page 37 and 38: minerals are chemically stable in n
- Page 39 and 40: the same stone. SF721 (context [117
- Page 41 and 42: context [185] is a fine example of
- Page 43 and 44: close proximity of steatite outcrop
- Page 45 and 46: oom. The three body sherds are fair
- Page 47 and 48: Greenland and Iceland that a number
- Page 49 and 50: channel changes from U-shaped to V-
- Page 51 and 52: 4. ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCEJ.M. Bond,
- Page 53 and 54: The cereals recovered are hulled si
- Page 55 and 56: five barley grains and a single oat
- Page 57 and 58: 4.3.2 The Upper House, UnderhoullAs
- Page 59 and 60: [176]. The identification of microl
- Page 61 and 62: iron within the soils (Gaffney & Ga
- Page 63 and 64: 63Figure 4.1: The graphical represe
- Page 65 and 66: SitecodeSamplecodeContext SFnumberA
- Page 67 and 68: presence of tephra within the depos
- Page 69 and 70: has been widely criticised as too g
- Page 71 and 72: Outram, Z., Cussans, J.E., Summers,
- Page 73 and 74: Level Two StudentsKirsty BennellJoh
- Page 75 and 76: 8. BIBLIOGRAPHYAlsvik, H. and Batey
- Page 77: Davidson, D.A. and Simpson, I.A. 20
- Page 81 and 82: 700s-800s: a potential alternative