Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Student Manual

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CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011Swift water, such as that found in hurricane storm surges, can also remove well-built homes withtheir attached concrete foundations and move them downstream. There were more than a fewcases of this observed due to Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana and Mississippi. Figure 6-18 showsa modern, well-built home that was solidly attached to its post-tensioned concrete foundation inSt. Bernard Parish, Louisiana. The storm surge in this area was well over 20 feet high. Thishome was not the only one in this subdivision that was floated out of the ground and drivenagainst other structures in the neighborhood. This house would likely be posted RESTRICTEDUSE for possession retrieval; it is not a collapse hazard, but cannot be lived in.Coastal flooding and wave action during storms will also lead to hazardous conditions forbuildings on coastal cliffs. Figure 6-19 shows a house in Pacifica, California that is cantileveredover the cliff‟s edge due to erosion of the cliff from storm-driven wave action. This buildingmust receive an UNSAFE posting, and there is absolutely no need for a SAP evaluator to enterthis building!Photo courtesy FEMAFigure 6-19 – Unsafe house due to cliff erosion, Pacifica, CA, 1998 El Nino Storms6.3 FiresMost fire disasters will probably not call for the statewide resources of the Safety AssessmentProgram, but local building inspectors trained in SAP can use the principles of ATC-20 toevaluate buildings or their remnants for safety.Historically, there has been one exception to this so far. The 1991 Oakland Hills Fire resulted inthe destruction of about 3,000 homes inside the jurisdictions of the cities of Oakland andBerkeley. In this case, structural engineers from the San Francisco Bay Area were used to200
CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011evaluate the potential re-use of the concrete foundations, so as to speed the reconstruction of thehomes.The reason why statewide SAP resources are not requested for even the vast urban-wild landinterface fires in California appears to be the diffused nature of these fires. Even though thefirestorms of 2003, 2007, and 2008 covered multiple counties and hundreds or thousands ofdestroyed homes, there were apparently enough trained building inspectors in each of theaffected jurisdictions to go out and evaluate whatever was left by the fires.When a burned building is evaluated for safety, it is usually not done to evaluate the building‟ssuitableness for re-occupancy, but more likely to see if it is a hazard to people and property if itis left standing while awaiting repair or demolition. Many times, the debris-strewn lot is all thatis left to post, and if so, is usually posted UNSAFE so as to keep people from wandering into adangerous situation from toxics or sharp metals at the burn site.Photo courtesy FEMAFigure 6-20 – Burned property, San Bernardino, 2003 Southern California FirestormsEntire neighborhoods can be burned to the ground. The extreme heat generated by such fires cancause serious damage to concrete or masonry foundation elements; trapped moisture in thecementitous materials can explode, leading to spalling or cracking. However, if firemen were onscene at the time, the heat of the fire may have been reduced enough for the foundation elementsto remain usable.If SAP teams were used to evaluate re-use of concrete foundations, the homeowner would still bewell served to hire their own engineer to evaluate the foundations for re-use. The findings of theSAP evaluators should be used as an indicator of the foundation damage, not as the final say forreconstruction.201
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Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Student Manual

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