Praise for Fundamentals of WiMAX

12.5 Appendix: Propagation Models 423tance between the BS and the MS. The Hata model is valid only for the following range ofparameters:• 150MHz ≤f ≤1500MHz• 30m ≤h b ≤200m• 1m ≤h m ≤10m• 1km ≤d ≤20kmIn these parameters, f is the carrier frequency in MHz, h b is the BS antenna height in meters,h m is the MS antenna height in meters, and d is the distance between the BS and the MS in km.According to the Hata model, the median pathloss in an urban environment is given byPL Urban = 69.55 + 26.16log 10 f – 13.82log 10 h b + ( 44.9 – 6.55h b )log 10 d – a( h m ), (12.10)where PL Urban is expressed in the dB scale, and a(h m ) is the MS antenna-correction factor. Fora large city with dense building clutter and narrow streets, the MS antenna-correction factor isgiven byah m( ) = 8.29[ log 10 [ 1.54 ⋅ f]] 2 – 0.8 f ≤300MHza( h m ) = 3.20[ log 10 [ 11.75 ⋅ f]] 2 – 4.97 f ≥ 300MHz(12.10)(12.11)For a small- or medium-size city, where the building-clutter density is smaller, the MSantenna-correction factor is given byah ( m ) = ( 1.11log 10 f – 0.7)h m – ( 1.56log 10 f – 0.8). (12.12)For a suburban area, the same MS antenna-correction factor as used for small cities is applicable,but the median pathloss is modified to befPL Suburban = PL Urban – 2 log ⎛10-----⎞ 2– 5.4 . (12.13)⎝28⎠For a rural area, the same MS antenna-correction factor as used for small cities is applicable,but the median pathloss is modified to bePL Rural = PL Urban – 4.78[ log 10 f] 2 – 18.33log 10 f – 40.98 . (12.14)The model may also be generalized to any clutter environment, such that the median pathlossis modified from that of a small urban city asPL = PL Urban + Clutter Offset. (12.15)