Analysis of Air Transportation Systems Fundamentals of Aircraft ...

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Final Derivation of Climb Rate ExpressionThe functional form of the lift and drag coefficients (simplest form is,C L,C D) in its2CC D = C D0 + C Di = C LD0 + -------------/ARe(30)C L=2mg-----------!SV 2(31)where: C D0 is the zero lift drag coefficient, and the second drag termaccounts for drag due to lift generation (i.e., induced drag).Then therate of climb function becomes,dhdt=1CV T (!,V)--!V 2 S C D0 ( M)L2 ( M,V)– 2 4 + --------------------- 352 0 /ARe 1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mg(32)Virginia Tech - Air Transportation Systems Laboratory 120
Mathematical Approximation for AircraftThrust and DragThrust and drag are two fundamental variables extracted fromwind-tunnel and flight tests.Drag CoefficientC D (total drag coefficient)C D0C DiThrust (KiloNewtons)200100Low SpeedBoundaryh = 0 m.h = 3000 m.High Speed Boundaryh = 6000 m.h = 9000 m.h = 12000 m.0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8Mach Number (M true )0.90.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9Mach Number (M true )Virginia Tech - Air Transportation Systems Laboratory 121
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Introductory RemarksAir vehicles ar
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Aircraft Performance Basics(Interna
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Basic Relationships to Uderstand th
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Atmosphere with Constant Temperatur
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Atmosphere with Linear Temperature
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Atmosphere with Linear Temperature
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International Standard AtmosphereCh
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Important Aircraft Speed Terms to K
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Air Compressibility EffectsA mathem
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Example ComputationBoeing 737-300 (
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Sample Matlab Code Used (ISAM.m)Vir
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Plot of CAS vs. TAS (Subsonic Aircr
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Aircraft Runway Length PerformanceE
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Functional Forms of the ForcesThe f
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Notes on Various Parameters1) C L a
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Remarks About the Aircraft Accelera
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Flap Angle• Angle formed between
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Remarks• The mass of the aircraft
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• At large flap angles (> 25 degr
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A Word on Stalling and Lift-off Spe
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These considerations are necessary
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Integration of Acceleration Equatio
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Aircraft Speed During Takeoff RollN
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Takeoff Roll Distance vs. Aircraft
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General Procedure for Runway Length
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FAR Certification ProceduresFAR 25
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Landing Distance CaseThe landing di
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Engine-Out Takeoff CaseDictated by
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Runway Length Procedures (AC 150/53
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Contents of Advisory Circular 150/5
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Groupings Method AC 150/5325-4 (Fig
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Sample Calculations (FAA AC 150-532
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a) If MALW > DTW use DTW in your co
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III) Landing and Takeoff Runway Len
Page 70 and 71: I) Landing Analysisa) Estimate the
Page 72 and 73: Simple interpolation for a flap ang
Page 74 and 75: c) Compute the takeoff runway lengt
Page 76 and 77: Runway Length Analysis usingAircraf
Page 78 and 79: IAD-BGR TripIAD4,200 nmBGRVirginia
Page 80 and 81: Boeing 777-200 (GE Engines)Virginia
Page 82 and 83: Computation of Fuel WeightThis anal
Page 84 and 85: Explanation of Payload-Range Diagra
Page 86 and 87: Payload-Range Diagrams Explanations
Page 88 and 89: Sample Payload Range DiagramsPayloa
Page 90 and 91: Payload Range Diagrams (B777)Virgin
Page 92 and 93: Payload Range Diagrams (A320)Virgin
Page 94 and 95: Payload Range Dagrams (A380)Virgini
Page 96 and 97: Presentation of Runway Length Infor
Page 98 and 99: Boeing 777-200 HGW Takeoff Performa
Page 100 and 101: Landing AnalysisThis analysis is si
Page 102 and 103: Reconcile Takeoff and Landing Cases
Page 104 and 105: Other Considerations in Runway Leng
Page 106 and 107: Some Runway Design TermsThe followi
Page 108 and 109: Sketch of RPZVirginia Tech - Air Tr
Page 110 and 111: Runway Object Free Area (ROFA or OF
Page 112 and 113: OFA Dimensions (Approach Cat. C and
Page 114 and 115: Example Runway Design for Boeing 77
Page 116 and 117: Climb PerformanceMany airport and a
Page 118 and 119: Climb Performance Model Simplificat
Page 122 and 123: Modeling Aircraft Thrust• Thrust
Page 124 and 125: Sample Thrust Variations (PW JT9D E
Page 126 and 127: Takeoff Thrust Variations with Spee
Page 128 and 129: Variations of Cruise TSFC (PW JT9D
Page 130: Typical Rate of Climb EnvelopeItera
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