Analysis of Air Transportation Systems Fundamentals of Aircraft ...

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Important Aircraft Speed Terms to KnowIndicated Airspeed (IAS) - is the speed registered in thecockpit instrumentTrue Airspeed (TAS) - is the actual speed of the vehiclewith respect of the mass of air surrounding the aircraft(accounts for compressibility effects)Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) - similar to IAS but correctedfor instrument position errors (airflow problems outsidethe vehicle).Ground speed (GS) - TAS corrected for windStalling Speed (V stall) - minimum speed for safe flightVirginia Tech - Air Transportation Systems Laboratory 16
Mach Number - ratio of the aircraft speed to thespeed of sound, a (note a varies with altitude)Mach number can be easily computed using the followingequation,a=(RT(12)where:Ris the universal gas constant (287 N-m/ o K),(( = 1.4is the air temperature ( o K) andheat at constant volume ( for air)is the ratio of specificTVirginia Tech - Air Transportation Systems Laboratory 17
Page 2 and 3: Introductory RemarksAir vehicles ar
Page 4 and 5: Aircraft Performance Basics(Interna
Page 6 and 7: Basic Relationships to Uderstand th
Page 8 and 9: Atmosphere with Constant Temperatur
Page 10 and 11: Atmosphere with Linear Temperature
Page 12 and 13: Atmosphere with Linear Temperature
Page 14 and 15: International Standard AtmosphereCh
Page 18 and 19: Air Compressibility EffectsA mathem
Page 20 and 21: Example ComputationBoeing 737-300 (
Page 22 and 23: Sample Matlab Code Used (ISAM.m)Vir
Page 24 and 25: Plot of CAS vs. TAS (Subsonic Aircr
Page 26 and 27: Aircraft Runway Length PerformanceE
Page 28 and 29: Functional Forms of the ForcesThe f
Page 30 and 31: Notes on Various Parameters1) C L a
Page 32 and 33: Remarks About the Aircraft Accelera
Page 34 and 35: Flap Angle• Angle formed between
Page 36 and 37: Remarks• The mass of the aircraft
Page 38 and 39: • At large flap angles (> 25 degr
Page 40 and 41: A Word on Stalling and Lift-off Spe
Page 42 and 43: These considerations are necessary
Page 44 and 45: Integration of Acceleration Equatio
Page 46 and 47: Aircraft Speed During Takeoff RollN
Page 48 and 49: Takeoff Roll Distance vs. Aircraft
Page 50 and 51: General Procedure for Runway Length
Page 52 and 53: FAR Certification ProceduresFAR 25
Page 54 and 55: Landing Distance CaseThe landing di
Page 56 and 57: Engine-Out Takeoff CaseDictated by
Page 58 and 59: Runway Length Procedures (AC 150/53
Page 60 and 61: Contents of Advisory Circular 150/5
Page 62 and 63: Groupings Method AC 150/5325-4 (Fig
Page 64 and 65: Sample Calculations (FAA AC 150-532
Page 66 and 67:
a) If MALW > DTW use DTW in your co
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III) Landing and Takeoff Runway Len
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I) Landing Analysisa) Estimate the
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Simple interpolation for a flap ang
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c) Compute the takeoff runway lengt
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Runway Length Analysis usingAircraf
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IAD-BGR TripIAD4,200 nmBGRVirginia
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Boeing 777-200 (GE Engines)Virginia
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Computation of Fuel WeightThis anal
Page 84 and 85:
Explanation of Payload-Range Diagra
Page 86 and 87:
Payload-Range Diagrams Explanations
Page 88 and 89:
Sample Payload Range DiagramsPayloa
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Payload Range Diagrams (B777)Virgin
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Payload Range Diagrams (A320)Virgin
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Payload Range Dagrams (A380)Virgini
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Presentation of Runway Length Infor
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Boeing 777-200 HGW Takeoff Performa
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Landing AnalysisThis analysis is si
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Reconcile Takeoff and Landing Cases
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Other Considerations in Runway Leng
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Some Runway Design TermsThe followi
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Sketch of RPZVirginia Tech - Air Tr
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Runway Object Free Area (ROFA or OF
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OFA Dimensions (Approach Cat. C and
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Example Runway Design for Boeing 77
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Climb PerformanceMany airport and a
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Climb Performance Model Simplificat
Page 120 and 121:
Final Derivation of Climb Rate Expr
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Modeling Aircraft Thrust• Thrust
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Sample Thrust Variations (PW JT9D E
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Takeoff Thrust Variations with Spee
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Variations of Cruise TSFC (PW JT9D
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Typical Rate of Climb EnvelopeItera
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