1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Overview Over ... - DSpace@UM

the Demand-Control-Support (D-C-S) (Johnson & Hall,1988;Johnson, Hall & Theorell,1989;Karasek & Theorell,1990) models of work stress suggests that jobs with highdemands and low control (and low support) are stressful. Mcclenahan, A.C, Giles,L.M, &Mallett J., 2007 on the other hand revealed that high job strain is linked to ill-health andjob satisfaction in a homogenous occupational sample, which may seem very close to therespondents examined in this research paper. Unfortunately, there were no prior researchinto Karasek’s theory that appears to have examined the moderating role of job tenure,thus prompting Bradley, G. (2007), to carry out research underpinning an argument thatthe job environment of novice workers is substantially different from that of experiencedworkers, and that relationship between Karasek’s job factors and strain are likely to differas a consequence. Unfortunately, contrary to his expectation, the main effects associatedwith the job factors did not differ by job tenure status. Since, there has been lack of stressstudy on accountants in Malaysia, it prompted this research study based on severallongitudinal studies abroad.2.2 Employment TypeIt is important to clearly define the employment type as there are vast definitions beingused that could mislead readers. In this research, the employment type refers to selfemployedand organizationally employed accountants. It is important to define that thisfactor focuses on the nature of job (e.g. self-employed works longer hours) and not thestress related factors which comes under occupational stressors. No doubt that13