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The mediated effects model shown in Figure 3.1, explains that rather than amplifying orweakening the impact of employment type environment on health, stressors and copingmediate the influence of these factors. Employment type may damage health but thestressors may in turn damage the health further. Similarly, the occurrence of stressorsmay damage health but may also stimulate coping; which may in turn improve health(Wheaton, 1985).3.2 Research InstrumentThe survey instrument consists of a six-page self administrated questionnaire as perAppendix A attached. The first section was intended to identify the existence of stressamongst respondents while the second section was to trace the source of stress as well asmeasure the psychological health symptoms (mental-ill health) of the respondents. Thethird section was to identify the coping techniques used by the respondents. In summarythe questionnaire was divided into four sections as follows: -Section 1 :Section 2 :Section 3 :Items related to psychological health symptomsSources of stressThe coping techniques for stressSection 4 : Demographic factors3.2.1 Section 1 (Questionnaire)Crown Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI) , formerly known as the MiddlesexQuestionnaire (Crown and Crisp 1966) was adopted in this part of the questionnaire. Itconsisted of twenty-five items (traits) in a five-point Likert-type scales that ranged from32
‘1’ for ‘Never’ to ‘5’ for ‘Almost all the time’. Respondents were requested to answerwhat best resembles the situation they are facing currently. This questionnaire was usedas it has proven to be reliable, valid and objective test for which normatic data isavailable for comparison.A total mental health index can be obtained to serve as mental health outcome measure ofgeneral emotionality, together with profile of six subscales; out of which only three wereselected for purpose of this study as there were some reservation on validity andreliability of the other three items reflected in studies by Dasberg and Shalif 1978. Theselected three subscales were Free Floating Anxiety (FFA), Somatic Concomitants ofAnxiety (SOM) and Depression (DEP).The question’s outlined for each category will be as follows :FFA consists of questions : 1,4,8,11,14,20 and 23SOM consists of questions : 2,5,6,9,12,15,17,18,21 and 24DEP consists of questions : 3,7,10,13,16,19,22 and 25In order to disguise from the respondents the aims of the questions, these 25 questionswere arranged in such a way that it appears randomized in the questionnaire. Thedefinitions of the three subscales are as follows :33
Page 1 and 2: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.0 OverviewOv
Page 3 and 4: work stress and occupational stress
Page 5 and 6: Secondly, a set of auditor-based st
Page 7 and 8: 1.4 Significance of StudyGanster an
Page 9 and 10: 1.6 Organisation of the studyThe re
Page 11 and 12: 2.1 Stress ModelsIt is only relativ
Page 13 and 14: the Demand-Control-Support (D-C-S)
Page 15 and 16: perception that work stressors expe
Page 17 and 18: Looking at a different angle, Oi-li
Page 19 and 20: 2.6 Work StressorsIn the current co
Page 21 and 22: study, found empirical support for
Page 23 and 24: are large number of possible enviro
Page 25 and 26: presence or absence of perceived st
Page 27 and 28: 2.8 Psychological Health SymptomsOr
Page 29 and 30: Interestingly, other earlier studie
Page 31: CHAPTER 3METHODOLOGY3.0 Introductio
Page 37 and 38: 3.3 Development of HypothesesThere
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 4RESEARCH RESULTS4.0 Introd
Page 41 and 42: Gender Male 79 48.8Female 83 51.2To
Page 43 and 44: GRAPH 4.1 : Bar chart of health con
Page 45 and 46: Table 4.4 Preferred choices of copi
Page 47 and 48: 4.3 CorrelationsAccording to Gay an
Page 49 and 50: The Multivariate Tests result shows
Page 51 and 52: Hence, the findings fail to accept
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.13Multivariate Tests cEffec
Page 55 and 56: Has your appetite decreased/increas
Page 57 and 58: The next step in this research is t
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.16 : H4 - Work stress (Medi
Page 61 and 62: coping strategy only acted as part
Page 63 and 64: eported more job stress . Meanwhile
Page 65 and 66: concern i.e. namely I consume alcoh
Page 67 and 68: explored. Another limitation is tha
Page 69 and 70: In this new era, Globalization has

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