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esults at Table 4.10(also refer Appendix D) indicates that statistically there is asignificant difference in the source of stress between organizationally employed and selfemployedaccountants in Malaysia ( Wilks’ Lambda value .890, with α =.008 < ,05.)Table 4.9Multivariate Tests bEffect Value FHypothesisdf Error df Sig.Partial EtaSquaredEMGROUP Pillai's Trace .110 4.116 a 3.000 100.000 .008 .110Wilks' Lambda .890 4.116 a 3.000 100.000 .008 .110Hotelling's Trace .123 4.116 a 3.000 100.000 .008 .110Roy's Largest Root .123 4.116 a 3.000 100.000 .008 .110Table 4.10IVDVeTests of Between-Subjects EffectsType III Sum ofSquaresdfMeanSquare F Sig.Partial EtaSquaredEMGROUP ROLE 51.711 1 51.711 1.946 .166 .019WORKLOAD <strong>1.0</strong>46 1 <strong>1.0</strong>46 .037 .848 .000INTEREPERSONA_P2 218.872 1 218.872 5.827 .018 .054Further investigation on the relation to each dependent variables using Tests of Between-Subjects Effects at Table 4.10 above shows that there is a significant different at alphaequals .05 for Interpersonal relations stressors. However, in order to reduce the Type 1error the alpha level need to be adjusted using Bonferroni adjustment [divide .05 by 3(representing 3 dependent variables giving an alpha level of .017 ), and the resultsuggests that there is no significant differencein the source of stress betweenorganizationally employed and self-employed accountants in Malaysia at original alphavalue of .05, but it is statistically significant at original alpha value of .10. Whereas,Rahim (1996) found that owners of businesses reported a greater number of stressors,such as role overload, than organizationally-employed managers.50
Hence, the findings fail to accept null hypothesis “H2: There is a difference in sources ofstress between organizationally employed and self-employed accountants in Malaysia” atalpha equals .054.3.4 Coping strategyPart three of the questionnaire consists of 38 items measuring the coping techniques ofthe respondents which were classified into the following three categories :1. Problem-focused2. Flight/fight focused3. Emotion-focusedThe Wilks’ Lambda Sig. value of .413 > α =.05 at shown in Table 4.11 belowindicates the relationship is not significant, thus statisticallythere is a no significantdifference in the source of stress between organizationally employed and self-employedaccountants in Malaysia. This result was obtained using the Multivariate analysis ofvariance (MANOVA) with employment type as the fixed variable and the threegroups of coping techniques Hence, we fail to accept the null hypothesis, i.e. H3:There is a difference in coping techniques used by organizationally employed and selfemployedaccountants in Malaysia.Table 4.11Multivariate Tests bEffect : EMGROUP Value FPillai's TraceWilks' LambdaHotelling'sTraceRoy's LargestRootHypothesisdf Error df Sig.Partial EtaSquared.037 .966 a 3.000 75.000 .413 .037.963 .966 a 3.000 75.000 .413 .037.039 .966 a 3.000 75.000 .413 .037.039 .966 a 3.000 75.000 .413 .03751
Page 1 and 2: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.0 OverviewOv
Page 3 and 4: work stress and occupational stress
Page 5 and 6: Secondly, a set of auditor-based st
Page 7 and 8: 1.4 Significance of StudyGanster an
Page 9 and 10: 1.6 Organisation of the studyThe re
Page 11 and 12: 2.1 Stress ModelsIt is only relativ
Page 13 and 14: the Demand-Control-Support (D-C-S)
Page 15 and 16: perception that work stressors expe
Page 17 and 18: Looking at a different angle, Oi-li
Page 19 and 20: 2.6 Work StressorsIn the current co
Page 21 and 22: study, found empirical support for
Page 23 and 24: are large number of possible enviro
Page 25 and 26: presence or absence of perceived st
Page 27 and 28: 2.8 Psychological Health SymptomsOr
Page 29 and 30: Interestingly, other earlier studie
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 3METHODOLOGY3.0 Introductio
Page 33: ‘1’ for ‘Never’ to ‘5’
Page 37 and 38: 3.3 Development of HypothesesThere
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 4RESEARCH RESULTS4.0 Introd
Page 41 and 42: Gender Male 79 48.8Female 83 51.2To
Page 43 and 44: GRAPH 4.1 : Bar chart of health con
Page 45 and 46: Table 4.4 Preferred choices of copi
Page 47 and 48: 4.3 CorrelationsAccording to Gay an
Page 49: The Multivariate Tests result shows
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.13Multivariate Tests cEffec
Page 55 and 56: Has your appetite decreased/increas
Page 57 and 58: The next step in this research is t
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.16 : H4 - Work stress (Medi
Page 61 and 62: coping strategy only acted as part
Page 63 and 64: eported more job stress . Meanwhile
Page 65 and 66: concern i.e. namely I consume alcoh
Page 67 and 68: explored. Another limitation is tha
Page 69 and 70: In this new era, Globalization has

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