iif_kgpm_Dictionary_of_Media

anner exchangein Europe in the late 1500s, lastinguntil the mid-1700s, characterizedby ornamentation. In music the styleis emblemized by the composersJohann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)and Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741).barrier signal a defensive nonverbalsignal, such as crossing the arms orholding a hand in front of the faceP.T. Barnumtitle; 3. online advertising messagethat runs across the top of a Web pagebanner exchange agreement betweentwo businesses allowing banneradvertisements to be displayed oneach other’s Web siteBarnum, P.T. (1810–1891) famousU.S. showman who presented suchpopular and sensationalized attractionsas General Tom Thumb, amidget, and Chang and Eng, conjoinedtwins. With James Bailey,he founded the Barnum & Bailey Circus,which merged with the RinglingBrothers Circus in 1919 to becomethe Ringling Brothers and Barnum& Bailey Circus. To promote his attractions,Barnum relied on colorfuladvertising and publicity stunts.Baroque style in painting, literature,and music that first appearedbarter deal in television syndication,an arrangement whereby no money isexchanged between the local stationand the syndicator. The syndicatoroffers a new program in exchange fora portion of advertising revenue.Barthes, Roland (1915–1980)French semiotician who has becomewidely cited in media and pop culturestudies, particularly concerning hisview that modern systems of representation,as well as performancesand spectacles, are recreations ofancient myths. Popular wrestling, forinstance, is a complex performancein which bodies, facial expressions,gestures, and speech evoke ancientforms of theater and spectacle. Bartheswas also a founder of the “NewCriticism,” a literary movementprominent after World War II, whichemphasized the interpretation of atext itself, independent of authorialintentions or historical factors. Hismost quoted work in media studies isMythologies (1957).base and superstructure in Marxisttheory, an economical system iscalled the “base” of society, around36