182 SIMPLY SMARTERNOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS31 December 2011(Currency - <strong>Singapore</strong> dollars unless o<strong>the</strong>rwise stated)19. Finance lease receivables (continued)Finance leases that are individually assessed <strong>to</strong> be impaired relate <strong>to</strong> cus<strong>to</strong>mers who have defaulted on payments.Ageing of net investment in minimum lease receivables that are past due but not impaired:Group2011 2010$’000 $’0001 - 90 days 2,360 3,10991 - 180 days 2,387 1,616181 - 360 days 1,771 615>360 days 1,027 9927,545 6,33220. Deferred tax assetsGroup2011 2010$’000 $’000At beginning of <strong>the</strong> year 118,794 127,196Recognised in profit or loss 9,556 5,659Effect of reduction in tax rate 59 (168)Disposal of a subsidiary (30) –Translation difference 385 (8,492)Utilisation of tax losses (12,063) (8,306)Changes in fair value of available-for-sale <strong>financial</strong> assets – (51)Changes in fair value of derivative <strong>financial</strong> instruments designated as cash flow hedges (3,534) 2,956At end of <strong>the</strong> year 113,167 118,794The deferred tax assets arise as a result of:Unabsorbed capital allowances and unutilised tax losses 15,297 3,149Allowance for doubtful debts and inven<strong>to</strong>ry obsolescence 8,693 15,730Provisions 73,102 88,986Intangible assets – 405O<strong>the</strong>r temporary differences 11,718 2,672Changes in fair value of derivative <strong>financial</strong> instruments designated as cash flow hedges 4,357 7,852113,167 118,794
SINGAPORE TECHNOLOGIES ENGINEERING LTD Annual Report 2011183NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS31 December 2011(Currency - <strong>Singapore</strong> dollars unless o<strong>the</strong>rwise stated)21. Inven<strong>to</strong>ries and work-in-progressGroup2011 2010$’000 $’000Inven<strong>to</strong>ries of equipment and spares 785,617 575,315Work-in-progress in excess of progress billingsWork-in-progress, including profits recognised 3,093,530 3,179,861Progress billings (2,285,477) (2,284,747)808,053 895,114Total inven<strong>to</strong>ries and work-in-progress at lower of cost and net realisable value 1,593,670 1,470,429Progress billings in excess of work-in-progressWork-in-progress, including profits recognised 3,078,244 2,043,709Progress billings (3,734,407) (2,610,902)(656,163) (567,193)In 2011, raw materials, consumables and changes in finished goods and work-in-progress recognised as cost of sales amounted <strong>to</strong> $3,663,208,000(2010: $3,539,892,000).(i)Revision <strong>to</strong> inven<strong>to</strong>ry obsolescence estimatesDuring <strong>the</strong> year, <strong>the</strong> Group engaged independent consultants <strong>to</strong> perform an industry and benchmarking study on <strong>the</strong> basis and estimates (<strong>the</strong>“obsolescence rates”) used <strong>to</strong> determine allowance for inven<strong>to</strong>ry obsolescence. The study considered <strong>the</strong> industry practices of <strong>the</strong> 4 mainoperating segments and compared <strong>the</strong> obsolescence rates against industry peer companies. Based on <strong>the</strong> results obtained, <strong>the</strong> Group hasrevised <strong>the</strong> obsolescence rates <strong>to</strong> align more closely with industry practices. The effect of <strong>the</strong>se changes resulted in a write-back of allowancefor inven<strong>to</strong>ry obsolescence of $18,985,000 <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> income statement.The determination of inven<strong>to</strong>ry obsolescence charge involves ascertaining <strong>the</strong> net realisable values of inven<strong>to</strong>ry, which are dependent on <strong>the</strong>prevailing selling prices, which in turn are impacted by demand and supply, technological advancement and etc. Therefore, it is impractical <strong>to</strong>estimate <strong>the</strong> effects of <strong>the</strong>se changes on <strong>the</strong> income <strong>statements</strong> in <strong>the</strong> future years.(ii)Allowances for inven<strong>to</strong>ry obsolescence and foreseeable lossesAs at 31 December 2011, <strong>the</strong> inven<strong>to</strong>ries are stated after allowance for inven<strong>to</strong>ry obsolescence of $187,674,000 (2010: $195,316,000) andwork-in-progress in excess of progress billings is stated after provision for foreseeable losses of $6,365,000 (2010: $4,168,000).(iii)Net realisable value write-downAs at 31 December 2011, work-in-progress amounting <strong>to</strong> $38,718,000 (2010: $nil) was written down <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> estimated net realisable value. Thewrite-down was included in cost of sales.