Rehabilitative needs and treatment of Indigenous offenders in ...

SummaryThis chapter has highlighted the need to recognise the impact of colonisationon Indigenous peoples in the development and delivery of rehabilitationprograms. Colonisation has lead to Indigenous deculturation, separation,displacement, discrimination and disconnection from ancestral lands andtraditional heritage.Greater demand on correctional agencies to address Indigenous recidivismmeans that rehabilitation programs need to be effective and innovative.However, the literature review identifies a lack of information on the efficacy ofIndigenous-specific programs, particularly in the Australian context. Moreinvestigation is needed to illuminate the characteristics of Indigenous offenderprograms that produce positive effects.Some research demonstrates that offender rehabilitation programs based onbest-practice principles have a net positive effect on reducing Indigenousoffender recidivism. The CBT approach to offender behaviour change hasbeen found to be effective when combined with Indigenous concepts,perspectives and culturally appropriate modes of delivery. The literature alsosupports re-conceptualising Indigenous offender risks. It supports the need fora holistic approach, rather than relying on exclusive spheres of intervention.This includes attending to both criminogenic and non-criminogenic needs ofIndigenous offenders. It is also noted that some researchers have questionedthe suitability of group-based cognitive behavioural therapy for Indigenousoffenders, as self-disclosure in a group setting can lead to a sense of shame.The complexity of Indigenous offender needs means that improving thecapacity of Indigenous communities is likely to assist with the effectivereintegration of Indigenous offenders and contribute to a reduction inIndigenous over-representation in the criminal justice system.The next chapter provides a demographic and offence profile of Indigenousoffenders. This information is provided in order to establish a betterunderstanding of Indigenous offenders in Queensland custody.23