Rehabilitative needs and treatment of Indigenous offenders in ...

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Chapter 4Indigenous Offender Profile in QueenslandThis chapter provides an overview of selected characteristics ofQueensland Indigenous offenders. It is observed that Indigenousoffenders are over-represented in custody and have a different offenceprofile from non-Indigenous offenders. These differences are likely toimpact on the rehabilitation needs of Indigenous offenders. 5Indigenous Over-Representation in Queensland CustodyIndigenous persons currently represent three per cent of Queensland’sgeneral population, nearly 30 per cent of the prisoner population andapproximately 20 per cent of offenders under community supervision.Indigenous over-representation is also evident in imprisonment rates. In 2008,Indigenous persons were 11 times more likely to be incarcerated than non-Indigenous persons (ABS 2008). The over-representation of Indigenousoffenders in custody is evident in other Australian jurisdictions (ABS 2008).Figure 4.1 shows how the over-representation of Indigenous offenders hasincreased since 2000. This increase occurred despite the signing of theQueensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Justice Agreement in 2000which set out to reduce the rate of Indigenous persons coming into contactwith the criminal justice system to at least the same rate as non-Indigenouspersons. Indigenous offenders represented approximately 23 per cent of thetotal prisoner population at December 2000 compared with approximately 29per cent at December 2010. The Indigenous offender population increased by59 per cent in the period between December 2000 and December 2009 whilethe total prisoner population increased by 27 per cent. The overrepresentationof Indigenous offenders in custody is driven in part by a rise inthe number of Indigenous offenders on remand. 6 Increases in Indigenousover-representation are greatest after June 2004. The number of Indigenousoffenders on remand increased by 65 per cent between December 2004 andDecember 2009 compared with a 24 per cent increase for the total prisonerpopulation.5 The information provided in this chapter is derived from various sources. Some data isadmissions-based, while other data refer to a point in time. Admissions-based data producesa higher number of offenders than ‘as at’ data because it counts the total number of offendersadmitted into custody during a certain time period; ‘as at’ data counts the number of offendersin custody at a certain point in time. Admissions-based data is sensitive to the turnover ofshort-term offenders entering and exiting custody.6 Readers are advised the remand information provided in this report is likely to over-state theremand population size due to data issues outlined in Chapter two.24
Figure 4.1: Proportion of Total Prisoner Population and Total RemandPopulation that are Indigenous (Jan 2000 to December 2009)3530Percentage Indigenous2520151050Jan-00Apr-00Jul-00Oct-00Jan-01Apr-01Jul-01Oct-01Jan-02Apr-02Jul-02Oct-02Jan-03Apr-03Jul-03Oct-03Jan-04Apr-04Jul-04Oct-04Jan-05Indigenous Representation in Total Prisoner PopulationSource: QCS, IOMS (‘As at’ last day of month)GenderApr-05Jul-05Oct-05Jan-06Apr-06Jul-06Oct-06Jan-07Apr-07Jul-07Oct-07Jan-08Apr-08Jul-08Oct-08Jan-09Apr-09Jul-09Oct-09Indigenous Representation in Remand PopulationMore male Indigenous offenders enter custody than female Indigenousoffenders. Indigenous male offenders represented approximately 26 per centof the total prisoner population at December 2009, while female Indigenousoffenders represented around 2 per cent. Male non-Indigenous offendersaccounted for just under 65 per cent of the prisoner population andapproximately 5 per cent were female non-Indigenous.Figure 4.2 shows some gender difference in Indigenous over-representationover time. A greater proportion of female offenders are Indigenous in theearlier part of this decade compared to male offenders. However, this genderdifference has reduced in recent years and 30 per cent of the female offenderpopulation are Indigenous, while 29 per cent of the male offender populationare Indigenous at December 2009.25
Page 1 and 2: Rehabilitative needs and treatment
Page 3 and 4: ContentsGlossary of terms..........
Page 5 and 6: Report SummaryThis report presents
Page 8 and 9: How do program completion rates of
Page 10 and 11: Develop and implement an Indigenous
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1IntroductionMuch has been
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 2MethodsThis chapter outlin
Page 17: Chapter 3Literature Review of Indig
Page 20 and 21: The Delivery of Programs and Best-P
Page 22 and 23: A greater understanding of Indigeno
Page 24 and 25: training and support in rehabilitat
Page 26 and 27: SummaryThis chapter has highlighted
Page 30 and 31: Figure 4.2: Proportion of Total Mal
Page 32 and 33: Further analysis shows that both ma
Page 34 and 35: Indigenous offenders are more likel
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 5QCS Offender Rehabilitatio
Page 38 and 39: anxiety and intellectual capacity.
Page 40 and 41: Staying on Track: Maintenance 18-26
Page 42 and 43: ViolenceThe Cognitive Self Change p
Page 44 and 45: Table 5.2: Summary of QCS Offender
Page 46 and 47: The key aim of the program is the c
Page 48 and 49: These include offender and interfam
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 6Indigenous Offender Partic
Page 52 and 53: specific programs. In 2006-07, comp
Page 54 and 55: Table 6.4 shows that 32 female Indi
Page 56 and 57: Table 6.6: Substance Misuse Program
Page 58 and 59: Vocational Education and Training (
Page 60 and 61: The number of male non-Indigenous o
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 7Perspectives on Indigenous
Page 64 and 65: [The] men’s programs help me in c
Page 66 and 67: elated to culture…and someone fro
Page 68 and 69: This co-facilitation would also pro
Page 70 and 71: When offenders go back home, the fa
Page 72 and 73: If [offenders] are from a family th
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 8Conclusion
Page 76 and 77: Continue to monitor research that f
Page 78 and 79:
Reference ListAboriginal and Torres
Page 80 and 81:
People Conference, Adelaide, 13-15
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