NDRI Quinquennium Book COVER FINAL CURVE.cdr

••Supplementation of micronutrients improves the udderhealth by reducing milk SCC, percent neutrophils ofmilk. and milk yield. Micronutrient supplementation alsoincreased the total immunoglobulin secreted in colostrums.••Freezing protocols were standardized for successfulfreezing of indigenous, crossbred and buffalo semen andmanagemental interventions evolved for augmentingfertility in sub fertile bulls. Cryopreservation processinduces alterations in protein tyrosine phosphorylation(PTP) pattern of boar spermatozoa.••Dynamics of PTP in “live” boar and bull spermatozoaduring the process of cryopreservation was studied andit was found that the “cooling” and not “freezing” initiatesthe PTP in substantial proportion of spermatozoa. Anovel concept that modulating this particular proportionof spermatozoa in an ejaculate would result in improvedfreezability and the post-thaw fertility was put forth.••Owing to the differential biochemical compositionof portions of boar ejaculate, it was assumed that thespermatozoa in different portions might differ in theirability to undergo capacitation-like changes. First 10 ml ofejaculate differed from the rest of the sperm rich fraction.••A new triple-stain flow cytometric method forsimultaneous assessment of cAMP and protein tyrosinephosphorylation in cryopreserved boar spermatozoa wasdeveloped.••Simultaneously assessment of cAMP and protein tyrosinephosphorylation (PTP) in a given spermatozoa usingflow cytometry was achieved. Spermatozoa displayinga particular pattern of PTP bind to the oocyte and arerelated to the fertility.••Two freezing methods (conventional-CF and simplified- SFmethod) for their effect on the ability of boar spermatozoato undergo protein tyrosine phosphorylation in responseto oviductal fluid (ODF) were compared and it was foundthat the method of freezing significantly affect the PTPin spermatozoa in response to ODF. These results areimportant in designing a suitable protocol for freezing ofboar and bull spermatozoa.••The poor quality ejaculates are very high in crossbred bulls(48 %).••Effect of management and processing interventions onpreservability of sub-fertile crossbred bull semen wasstudied.••Supplementing the bulls with Vitamin E significantlyimproved the quality of the ejaculate as well as itspreservability.••Behavioural and biochemical bio-markers that couldpredict post-partum metritis in crossbred cows wereidentified. Behavioural markers include reduced feedingtime and feeding bouts and increased inactive standingtime during near term are good indicators of postpartummetritis. Biochemical markers include elevationof NEFA, BHBA and NEFA:Total cholesterol ratio andlow concentration of glucose and total cholesterol duringlast 2-3 weeks of gestation is associated with post-partummetritis development.••In Sahiwal cows, the mounting behaviour is less intenseand expressed for shorter duration making this behaviourless conclusive in detection of estrus cows. Tumefactionof vulva, reddening of vulvar mucus membrane, mucusdischarge, chin resting and sniffing/licking could be betterpredictor of ovulation time in this breed of cattle.Biochemical/ Bio-technological and Bio-Nanotechnologicalinterventions...• • The fertility of cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa wasimproved in presence of additives like Taurine, Trehaloseas assessed by post thaw motility, sperm and viability,membrane integrity, total antioxidant status and in vitrocapacitation. The apoptotic changes in buffalo spermatozoaTheQuinquennium Golden2007-201213