SubSurface Dams - Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management ...

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temperature of 30 to 34 degrees and a minimum temperature of 21 to 24 degrees.Going north in this country, rainfall decreases. Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Fasolocated in the central part of the country, has an annual precipitation of 733 mm (annualaverage between 1990 and 1994), while Dori, a city located in the north-eastern part of thecountry, has annual precipitation of 474 mm. Most of the rainfall is concentrated in the rainyseason.A total of 80% of the land of the country is on the old rock of the Precambrian.The main industries of the country are agriculture and livestock farming. A total of 11% ofthe country is used as farmland, on more than 80% of which millet, sorghum, maize and riceare cultivated. However, the production of these cereals is not stable due to their sensitivityto land conditions and climatic conditions.(2) Requirements for the selection of the model project siteIn particular, the following are taken into account in site selection from the viewpoint ofexecuting the model project:1) The construction of a subsurface dam of appropriate scale as a model project isfeasible at the site.2) There is a relatively large village near the site to facilitate the participation of localpeople in the model project.3) Access to the site from the capital, Ouagadougou, is easy.4) There are no other projects near the site, to assess the result of the model projectproperly.(3) Procedure for the site selection in this projectIn this project, the subsurface dam site was selected according to the procedure shown in Fig.3.1. Equipment and machinery available in Burkina Faso were used as much as possible forthe project, avoiding the use of special equipment or machinery.17
Survey of landforms and geology byinterpretation of satellite images(Study areas)Central and northern part of BurkinaFasoPreselection of possible dam siteson a wide scalePreliminary exploration on a wide scale13 sites (in the provinces of Oudalan,Seno, Namentenga, Sanmatenga,Bam and Yatenga)Selection of possible dam sites on a wide scaleDetailed survey of landforms by interpretationof aero-photographs6 sites (Saouga, Nare, Louda, two sitesin Tangapore, and Gangaol)Selection of possible dam sitesField explorationGeophysicalsurveys5 sites (Saouga, Nare, Louda, andtwo sites in Tangapore)Selection of most possible dam sites2 sites (Nare andTangapore)Test drillingsSocio-economic studyHydrological and meteorological observation(observation of groundwater level,measurement of rainfall)Comparison ofmost possible dam sitesFinal selection of dam siteNare VillageFig.3.1: Flowchart of the site selection for the subsurface dam18
Page 2 and 3: Photo: Construction of the subsurfa
Page 4 and 5: Subsurface DamSmall-Scale Surface D
Page 6 and 7: ContentsIntroduction1. General desc
Page 8 and 9: 1. General description of the Model
Page 10 and 11: Department of the Environmentand Fr
Page 12 and 13: According to the results of an anal
Page 14 and 15: A large amount of waterevaporates f
Page 16 and 17: y adopting an appropriate dam struc
Page 18 and 19: 2-5 "Fossil valley", a suitable sit
Page 22 and 23: 3-3 Distribution of fossil valleys
Page 24 and 25: 3-4 Surveys carried out in this pro
Page 26 and 27: Satellite image of the area around
Page 28 and 29: 3-4-2 Field explorationAt the 5 sit
Page 30 and 31: 3-4-3 Geophysical surveyAt the 5 si
Page 32 and 33: Groundwater level assumed from the
Page 34 and 35: 3-5 Detailed field surveys (test dr
Page 36 and 37: Groundwater level isalmost the same
Page 38 and 39: The village is on a peneplain with
Page 40 and 41: In this project at Nare, the "earth
Page 42 and 43: DownstreamFilled back soil3mCoarseg
Page 44 and 45: All the results of the quality test
Page 46 and 47: Photo 4.3: Construction of the subs
Page 48 and 49: 4) Basal stratum of the fossil vall
Page 50 and 51: 6. Observation of the water storage
Page 52 and 53: Table 6.1: Features of the faciliti
Page 54 and 55: PerchedwaterImpermeablelayer“Main
Page 56 and 57: Table 6.3: Annual rainfall in the K
Page 58 and 59: 3) The reserved water level during
Page 60 and 61: Ground surface level: 275.73mGround
Page 62 and 63: 6-4 Analysis of seasonal fluctuatio
Page 64 and 65: SandysiltSiltSand(white)Sand(moist)
Page 66 and 67: (1) Relation between the rainfall w
Page 68 and 69: 4) Subsequently, the cycle in which
Page 70 and 71:
7. Other studiesIn addition to the
Page 72 and 73:
these facilities:- 3 mill stations,
Page 74 and 75:
Photo 7.3: Water-supply station for
Page 76 and 77:
8. Recommendations for future subsu
Page 78 and 79:
advisable to arrange rainfall stati
Page 80:
AcknowledgementsThe Model Project t
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