SubSurface Dams - Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management ...

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Subsurface DamSmall-Scale Surface Damwith Water GatesSchematic diagram of the location of the facilities for demonstration studies in Nare Village
IntroductionDesertification, a global environmental problem, affects 25% of the world’s land and a sixthof the world’s population. It particularly affects developing countries, notably in Africa,threatening people’s survival.To find a solution through international collaboration, the United Nations Convention toCombat Desertification was adopted in 1994 and came into force in 1996. Japan accepted itin 1998. The convention specifies that developed countries undertake to provide financialand technical assistance to developing countries affected by desertification. The conventionattaches importance, in providing technical assistance, to addressing technologies suitable tothe local conditions. Japan is also expected to contribute to combating desertification withits technology. However, as Japan has no areas seriously affected by desertification withinits territory, it does not have sufficient information and knowledge on the actual situation ofareas under desertification.The Ministry of the Environment of Japan has been tackling desertification even before theacceptance of the convention. One of its initiatives was the "Model Project to CombatDesertification" carried out from fiscal year 1995 to 2002 in Burkina Faso, a country in theseriously affected West Sahara, with the advice of an advisory committee composed ofJapanese experts. This model project developed hardware technology on subsurface dams,which has had operational results in Japan, for the effective use of groundwater in arid andsemi-arid areas. It also collected and examined software information and knowledge on themanagement system of the subsurface dam by local people.In this model project, after site selection, a subsurface dam was constructed between 1997 and1998 at Nare Village, Tougouri District, Namentenga Province, in Burkina Faso. After this,studies were undertaken to assess its effectiveness in water storage and its impact on theenvironment, and to seek appropriate ways to use the reserved water. The model project wasfinished in March 2003.This report provides the information and knowledge obtained through the model project notonly to Burkina Faso, but also to other countries suffering from desertification, as well to theinternational community. We sincerely hope that it will serve to combat desertification.March 2004Global Environmental Issues Division, Ministry of the Environment, JapanOverseas Environmental Cooperation Center1
Page 2 and 3: Photo: Construction of the subsurfa
Page 6 and 7: ContentsIntroduction1. General desc
Page 8 and 9: 1. General description of the Model
Page 10 and 11: Department of the Environmentand Fr
Page 12 and 13: According to the results of an anal
Page 14 and 15: A large amount of waterevaporates f
Page 16 and 17: y adopting an appropriate dam struc
Page 18 and 19: 2-5 "Fossil valley", a suitable sit
Page 20 and 21: temperature of 30 to 34 degrees and
Page 22 and 23: 3-3 Distribution of fossil valleys
Page 24 and 25: 3-4 Surveys carried out in this pro
Page 26 and 27: Satellite image of the area around
Page 28 and 29: 3-4-2 Field explorationAt the 5 sit
Page 30 and 31: 3-4-3 Geophysical surveyAt the 5 si
Page 32 and 33: Groundwater level assumed from the
Page 34 and 35: 3-5 Detailed field surveys (test dr
Page 36 and 37: Groundwater level isalmost the same
Page 38 and 39: The village is on a peneplain with
Page 40 and 41: In this project at Nare, the "earth
Page 42 and 43: DownstreamFilled back soil3mCoarseg
Page 44 and 45: All the results of the quality test
Page 46 and 47: Photo 4.3: Construction of the subs
Page 48 and 49: 4) Basal stratum of the fossil vall
Page 50 and 51: 6. Observation of the water storage
Page 52 and 53: Table 6.1: Features of the faciliti
Page 54 and 55:
PerchedwaterImpermeablelayer“Main
Page 56 and 57:
Table 6.3: Annual rainfall in the K
Page 58 and 59:
3) The reserved water level during
Page 60 and 61:
Ground surface level: 275.73mGround
Page 62 and 63:
6-4 Analysis of seasonal fluctuatio
Page 64 and 65:
SandysiltSiltSand(white)Sand(moist)
Page 66 and 67:
(1) Relation between the rainfall w
Page 68 and 69:
4) Subsequently, the cycle in which
Page 70 and 71:
7. Other studiesIn addition to the
Page 72 and 73:
these facilities:- 3 mill stations,
Page 74 and 75:
Photo 7.3: Water-supply station for
Page 76 and 77:
8. Recommendations for future subsu
Page 78 and 79:
advisable to arrange rainfall stati
Page 80:
AcknowledgementsThe Model Project t
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