A Guide for Sustainable Urban Development of the 21st Century
A Guide for Sustainable Urban Development of the 21st Century
A Guide for Sustainable Urban Development of the 21st Century
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Shanghai Manual – A <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Sustainable</strong> <strong>Urban</strong> <strong>Development</strong> in <strong>the</strong> <strong>21st</strong> <strong>Century</strong>Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to generate more projects which can mitigateclimate change and can improve knowledge on emissions in cities and countriesthroughout <strong>the</strong> world. This opportunity has been identified as a possible “game changer”in climate change mitigation, especially <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> transport sector since previousmethodologies such as CDM have proven difficult to adjust to <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> transportprojects. While specific procedures and rules <strong>for</strong> NAMAs are now being developed, it isimportant to identify <strong>the</strong>m as a potential source <strong>of</strong> financing <strong>for</strong> sustainable urbantransport measures.The table below identifies some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> key financing instruments used in climate changemitigation and how <strong>the</strong>y can be used to develop sustainable urban transport. Please notethat since NAMAs have not yet been fully developed as an instrument, <strong>the</strong>y are notincluded in <strong>the</strong> table below.Table 4.2 Financing instruments <strong>for</strong> climate change mitigation applicable to transportprojectsSource <strong>of</strong> climatefinanceNature <strong>of</strong>supportType <strong>of</strong>interventionsupportedModes supportedGrantsLoansTechnicalInfrastructureTechnologyOperationsCapacitybuildingRoadRail<strong>Urban</strong> publictransportNonmotorisedtransportClean <strong>Development</strong>Mechanism UNDP Millennium<strong>Development</strong> Goals (MDG) Carbon FacilityHayotama Initiative unclear unclearGlobal Environment FacilityClean Technology Fund International ClimateInitiative Source: Harald Diaz, 2011 182.POLICY OPTIONS FOR URBAN TRANSPORTA sustainable urban transport system requires streng<strong>the</strong>ning various features <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>system including mobility, accessibility, af<strong>for</strong>dability, social equity, efficiency, safety,security, convenience, low carbon, com<strong>for</strong>t, and people- and environment-friendliness. Inorder to achieve all <strong>the</strong>se elements, various challenges need to be addressed in anintegrated manner. These challenges include improving human health through <strong>the</strong>18 Diaz-Bone, Harald, 2011, Use <strong>of</strong> Climate Finance (CDM, GEF, NAMA) in <strong>the</strong>Transport Sector, presentation at Forum on <strong>Sustainable</strong> Transport <strong>for</strong> Latin America,Bogotá, Colombia, 22 - 24 June 20119
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