A Guide for Sustainable Urban Development of the 21st Century

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Shanghai Manual – A Guide for Sustainable Urban Development in the 21st Centurywith the informal sector, in the interest of expanding waste management services andimproving efficiency and effectiveness.1. ISSUES AND CHALLENGESCity leaders are faced with several challenges in their effort to streamline wastemanagement services. A few of the pressing issues include rapidly increasing quantitiesand diverse characteristics of waste, the undesirable consequences of conventionalmethods of waste management, and failure to tap the resource value of waste.1.1 RAPID INCREASE IN VOLUMES AND CHANGING CHARACTERISTICS OF MUNICIPAL SOLIDWASTE – A GLOBAL TRENDThere is an overall correlation between the generation of MSW, wealth (Gross DomesticProduct, GDP per capita) and urbanization 5 .Future projections estimate that the world’swaste production could reach up to 27 billion tons by 2050, a third of which may begenerated in Asia, with a significant percentage of that being produced in large economiessuch as China and India. Figure 1 shows the correlation between MSW generation,population and GDP across the world and the expected rise in generation of MSW in Asiaas projected by the World Bank. 6The types of MSW produced change according to the standard of living in the city. Wastesgenerated in low- and middle- income cities have a large proportion of organic waste,whereas the wastes in high-income cities are more diversified with relatively larger sharesof plastics and paper (Figure 2). The changing composition of waste in turn influencesthe choice of technology and waste management infrastructure, and underscores theimportance of waste separation.5 Veolia Environmental Services (2006). From Waste to Resource. An Abstract of “2006 World WasteSurvey.” http://veoliaes.com/resource.php?id=566 (last accessed 15 July 2010)6 World Bank (2005). Waste Management in China: Issues and Recommendations, May 2005.www.go.worldbank.org/2H0VMO7ZG03
Municipal Solid Waste ManagementFigure 5.1. Correlation between MSW Generation, Population and GDPMSW generationPopulationGDPSource: Modak (2011) 7Figure 5.2.MSW Composition in Relation to the Relative Wealth of the CountriesSource: UNEP (2011) 87 Modak P. (2011). Synergizing Resource Efficiency with Informal Sector towards Sustainable WasteManagement, Building Partnerships for Moving Towards Zero Waste, A Side Event for CSD19 held on 12May 2011, Tokyo4
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IntroductionShanghai ManualA Guide
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Introduction3FOREWORD - BUREAU INTE
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IntroductionFOREWORD - CITY OF SHAN
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IntroductionFinally we wish to appr
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IntroductionThe iconic China pavili
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Introductionwas always meant to be
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IntroductionWORLD EXPO 2010 SHANGHA
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IntroductionTo Build a Smart and Ac
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Shanghai Manual - A Guide for Susta
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Envisioning a Harmonious City with
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Envisioning a Harmonious City with
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Delivering Effective Urban Manageme
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Transforming the Urban Economymanag
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Transforming the Urban Economy2.2.
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A Guide for Sustainable Urban Development of the 21st Century

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