A Guide for Sustainable Urban Development of the 21st Century

Municipal Solid Waste Managementincludes a range of other key stakeholders such as waste generators, industry, financinginstitutions, national governments and regulators, waste technology providers, academia,NGOs, community based organizations, international finance institutions and UnitedNations entities. Therefore, perfecting the “right” balance with the needs and aspirationsof all stakeholders becomes quite challenging. See Box 3 on recently launchedInternational Partnership for Expanding Waste Management Services of Local Authorities(IPLA) that brings together stakeholders associated with waste management on a commonplatform for networking and knowledge sharing. IPLA is a dynamic platform for exchangeof knowledge across multiple stakeholders for putting ISWM and 3Rs into practice.2.2 REDUCING MSW AND AIMING FOR “ZERO WASTE”Policy instruments such as “volume based fees” for solid waste collection could lead toreduction of MSW generation. For example, effective implementation of volume basedfees in Korea led to a 21.5 per cent reduction of MSW generation from 1994 to 2009. 21Cities striving to reduce their wastes should set clear indicators or quantifiablemeasurements that reflect the performance of the cities with regard to solid wastemanagement. Indicators should be compared against targets in order to gain a referencepoint for whether the action being assessed was successfully implemented and to whatdegree. Some examples of indicators include resource efficiency, recycling rates andamount of waste landfilled.21 Ministry of Environment (2010), Republic of Korea, Annual Report of Volume Based Waste Fee.16