Chapter VIIIworld, such as the birth and death of all conditioned states, [both]internal and external, in order to offer an analogy. It consists indrawing upon commonly known images in the world, such as whatit is like to suffer by being born, etc., in order to offer an analogy.It consists in drawing upon commonly known images in the world,such as the absence of mastery, in order to draw an analogy. Itconsists in drawing upon commonly known examples, such as externalprosperity, in order to offer an analogy. Such [logical principles]are said to be characterized as engendered by analogy."That which is characterized as truly perfected consists in theability to definitively establish a proposition as ascertained throughdirect insight, through the support of that direct insight, andthrough analogy. 40"That which is characterized as well-purified teaching consistsin what is taught through omniscience, such as discourse on thefinal quiescence of cessation. Such [reasonings] are said to be characterizedas well-purified teachings. Good son, these five characteristicsare the purified logical principles of investigation. Becausethey are pure, you must cultivate them."The Bodhisattva ManjusrI addressed the Buddha and said:"World-honored One, how many are the characteristics of omniscience?"The Buddha answered the Bodhisattva ManjusrI and said:"Good son, they number five. The first is that if the voice of anomniscient one appears in this world, it will be heard everywhere.The second is that he will be endowed with the thirty-two majorqualities. The third is that he will be endowed with the ten powersand be able to sever all the doubts of all sentient beings. Thefourth is that he will be endowed with the four fearlessnesses,proclaim the true doctrine, and be irrefutable by any other. Thefifth is that in that good doctrine and discipline, he will be able tobring forth the four kinds of monks with the eightfold path. Hewill engender teachings that will sever the net of doubt, will notbe subject to refutation by others, but rather will be able to refuteall their heresies. The monks of the holy path will be able toascertain [those teachings]. Understand that these are the five105
The Scripture on the Explication of Underlying Meaning7i0acharacteristics of omniscience. Good son, you are to realize thatthis reasoning from what is well demonstrated, because [basedupon] direct insight, inference, and the holy teachings, is termedpurified in its five characteristics.""What then are the seven characteristics that are termed impure?""The first is characterized as ascertainable through similarityto other forms. The second is characterized as ascertainablethrough dissimilarity to other forms. The third is characterized asascertainable through similarity to all forms. The fourth is characterizedas ascertainable through dissimilarity to all forms. Thefifth is characterized as ascertainable through dissimilar examples.The sixth is characterized as incomplete. The seventh is characterizedas the explanation of impure teachings."If something is ascertained through the mental constructionof thinking about everything, then that is characterized asascertainable through similarity to other forms. If the characteristics,natures, actions, cause, result, and differences of things arefixed as all having differences in each of their differing characteristics,this is characterized as ascertainable through dissimilarityto other forms. Good son, if in that which is ascertainable throughsimilarity to other forms and, in its example, the characteristics ofall dissimilar forms are included, then its proposition cannot bedemonstrated. This is what is said to be characterized as incomplete.If in that which is characterized as ascertainable throughdissimilarity to all other forms, and in its example, all similar formsare included, then its proposition cannot be demonstrated. This isalso what is said to be characterized as incomplete. Because incomplete,it negates well-understood, purified reasoning. Becauseimpure, it cannot be cultivated. If its characteristics are drawnfrom dissimilar analogies, if it negates well-purified teaching, knowthat at base it is impure."Reasoning from reality refers to [reasoning] from the realityrealm, which abides in all things and supports the nature of things,whether a Tathagata appears in the world or not.106
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© 2000 by Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai andN
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Editorial ForewordIn January 1982,
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Publisher's ForewordThe Publication
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Translator's IntroductionThe Script
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Chapter IThus Have I HeardThus have
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Chapter VThe Absence of EssenceAt t
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Chapter Vthings, that realm of the
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Chapter Vthey will circle about wit
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Chapter Vgladden all sentient being
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