ARCHITECTURE - Karatunov.net

94 FRANCE BURGUNDY[CH. xxnMonks not necessarily ecclesiastics. Many, perhaps most, oflaymenthe monks were laymen. In the early time they wereeven discouraged from taking orders, and while thebishops in the 4th and 5th centuries took precautionsto limit the ordination of monks, the monks themselvessometimes regarded the priesthood as a snare which interferedwith their duty of divine contemplation 1 .Thereforemany inmates of the convents were artizans, and accordingto the rule of S. Benedict they were to continue workingat their crafts, though they were not to take any pride inthem. In the I2th century, one Bernard of Tiron whofounded a religioushouse near Chartres, gathered into it" craftsmen both of wood and iron, carvers and goldsmiths,painters and stonemasons, vinedressers and husbandmen,and others skilled in all manner of cunning work 2 ." Therapid spread of the order gavethe craftsmen constantand regular employment They worked with zeal andenthusiasm, and their efforts resulted as might have beenexpected in forming a school of architecture in which wefind the first seeds of progress and the firstsigns ofgrowth and development.The In 1089 Abbot Hugh began to re-build the churchat CLUNY, the number of monks having outgrown theexisting building. No great church was built in thosedays without a miracle, and S. Peter issaid to have giventhe plan in a dream to the monk Gauzon who laid thefoundations.The great church was finished by anotherClunist, Hezelon, a Fleming, from Liege. It was thevastest church in the west of Europe. The nave wascovered with a barrel vault like the churches alreadydescribed ;there were double aisles ;two transepts with1Gui2ot, Civilization in France, Lecture Xiv.2 Orderictis Vitalis, cited Baldwin Brown, Early Art in England.