Ulaanbaatar 2013

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Mongolia Compact Gender Summary Report: Best Practices And Lessons Learned6 PROPERTY RIGHTS PROJECTCase study: Gender and Land Survey – The Mongolian ExperienceMCA-Mongolia is adding value to the existing literature on gender and asset ownership through itspioneering gender & land survey, which was conducted during 2012-2013. The MCA-ESA unit ledthe survey, covering more than 1,000 hashaa plot residents in Bayanzurkh, Chingeltei,Songinokhairkhan districts of Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan – Uul, Orkhon, Khovd, Uvurkhangai andKhentiiaimags with technical support from a local NGO experienced in conducting sociologicalhousehold surveys.This survey analyzes the impact of land ownership upon relations among hashaa plot residents,andmore generally analyzes the current status of women`s land ownership. Furthermore, the studyhighlights the commonalties and differences in trends across the six sites surveyed, and alsoinvestigates how women‟s property ownership impacts family relations, including their sense ofempowerment within the household, and their experience with domestic violence.6.1 IntroductionThe Property Rights Project works on improving the formal system for recognizing and transferringland rights and issuing fully marketable land titles to ger area residents. This effort includes upgradingthe physical office space, information technology and business process of the State Registry andregistering up to 53,000 land plots in ger areas of three districts in Ulaanbaatar, the capitalcity/Chingeltei, Bayanzurkh, Songinokhairkhan/ and in eight regional centers.6.2 Key Issues identified during early stages of project implementation,including in the 2011 GIP‣ Absence of reliable sex-disaggregated data on property registration leads to a planningchallenge for the Property Rights PIU‣ Gender-blind legal review‣ Customary practice resulting in more males being registered if the registration is done in thename of only one individual rather than allowing for shared ownership‣ Need for public outreach activities to emphasize women‟s land ownership6.3 Additional issues identified during the May 2012 ReviewThe Electronic Property Registration System (EPRS), provided by the Project to aimags in which theproject is active, was to be used in 13 aimags by 2013 and is expected to be used in all 21 aimags bythe end of 2014. It disaggregates information on registrants by sex, and contains a tracking system onland parcels that will reveal, in time, whether men and women belonging to the same household areregistering (second) plots in the woman‟s name. The review recommended that the samedisaggregation on paper formats should be introduced by GASR and ALACGaC.6.4 Key accomplishments in integrating genderPRP has been giving special attention to gender issues in project activities, promoting women‟sparticipation in land privatization and immovable property ownership registration through raisingawareness, training land officers and state registrars and educating local hashaa plot residents.22Page 22 of 80
Mongolia Compact Gender Summary Report: Best Practices And Lessons LearnedPRP internally appointed three Land Marketing Specialists (LMSs) as gender focal points in additionto the current project gender focal point. The PRP PR team also selected “Gender” as one of the keyareas to work on more intensively.Communication materials contain positive gender messages, free from negative stereotypes, andtarget women for participation in registration. This led to high female participation in meetings.Female turnout for enquiries in district and regional offices has always been very high, whichindicates that women understand the importance of real property. TV programs to encourage women‟sinvolvement in property rights, and project‟s gender integration efforts were developed in eachregional center. Furthermore, gender trainings and meetings, in some cases in collaboration withwomen‟s NGOs, were conducted in each regional center. The result of the focus group discussionclearly show that project awareness raising actions are responding to the needs of communitymembers, and specifically the special needs of the vulnerable groups such as single female or maleheaded households and elderly people. A positive influence of the project was that messages sent bycontractors were free from stereotypes and considered men and women equally in participation in theland ownership process.Still, it was observed that traditionally women attend hashaa plot privatization trainings andworkshops on actual land ownership, but the men lead in this process. The project had a clear effecton the understanding on ownership rights, as expressed by an elderly, single man: “I realized thateveryone, even single headed male/ female, elderly people and youth are all entitled to land throughadvocacy of Property Rights Project. And I received a land certificate. Before I could not receive itbecause of my age.”Table 2. Number of participants in public activities organized in 8 regional centers, by sexNo. Regional No. of public meetings Women Men Totalcenters1. Zavkhan 2 42 37 792. Darkhan-Uul 2 49 24 733. Tuv 1 37 28 654. Khovd 9 336 217 5535. Uvurkhangai 4 192 127 3196. Orkhon 2 53 32 857. Khentii 2 78 65 1438. Dornod 3 144 77 221Total 25 931 607 1,538Low-income and/or female-headed households, and marginalized groups of society have beeninformed and consulted through public outreach and consultation activities. Female participation wasemphasized in planning and implementation stages of hashaa plot privatization and registrationactivities. All information on hashaa plot owners, possessors and other residents under this activitywas sex-disaggregated.TRIADA, the current GASR property registration system, is not set up to capture data on whether theperson registering is a man or a woman. This caused difficulties for evaluating whether there wasgender equality in the land privatization process. PRP sent an official letter to GASR and ALACGaCregarding inclusion of the gender box in the paper applications of both agencies, and discussions withland agencies have indicated they are willing to introduce such a “gender box.” This sexdisaggregateddata box is already included in the EPRS /electronic property registration system of theproject. The box is shown in image 1, in particular the red highlighted section.Page 23 of 8023
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