Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives - Islamic Books ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

D e bati ng Ort h o d ox y, Contesting Tr a d i t i o n 1 1 7Sufis at a shrine in Srinagar, Kashmir. (Paula Bronstein/Getty Images)ian fault lines. Amid this social and cultural heterogeneity, Islam itself is arguedand contested. And when it comes to Sufism, the lines of these debatesare deeply drawn.Sufism in Pakistan is found in the popular practices surrounding the tombcomplexes of long-dead saints and in the ecstatic poetry of premodern literary
1 1 8Islam i n World Cult u r e sluminaries. But beyond these public manifestations of a distant past, it also remainsa dynamic, living teaching tradition. As a personal spiritual discipline,Sufism is communicated in the intimate exchange between master and discipleand experienced through ritual performance. In South Asia, theChishtiyya has remained the most prominent and prolific Sufi order since thetwelfth century. With its doctrine of social equality, tolerance, and spiritual discipline,the Chishti Sufi order spread rapidly eastward from its roots inAfghanistan. Under the guidance of charismatic spiritual leaders ( s h a y k hs orp i rs) who embodied Islamic doctrine through their piety and practice, Sufismhelped endear Islam to the indigenous population. Versed in local customsand vernacular languages, Chishti s h a y k hs established centers of learning andhospices ( k h a n a q as) that offered intensive spiritual training for their initiates,solace for the local inhabitants who visited them for spiritual blessings( b a r a k a ) , and food and shelter for the wayfarers and mendicants who surv i v e don their charity. Upon their death, the legacy of many Chishti s h a y k hs often ledto the development of elaborate shrine complexes ( d a r g a hs) to which devoteescontinued to flock in search of spiritual power to alleviate their worldly troubles.As centers of sacred geography and fonts for public social welfare, theseregional Chishti shrines still thrive as pilgrimage sites and symbols of localMuslim culture and identity.The Chishti Sufi order has two main genealogical branches. Breaking fromthe lineage of the predominant Nizami branch in the thirteenth century, theeponymous founder of the Chishti Sabiri subbranch, Ali Ahmad Sabir (d.1291), initiated an alternative model of spiritual asceticism and withdrawalfrom public, urban life and from the alluring royal courts. From the beginning,the Chishti Sabiris were much less visible than their Chishti Nizami counterparts.Renowned for their intense, awe-inspiring personalities, ChishtiSabiri s h a y k hs stuck to more rural locales, made fewer public appearances,trained fewer devotees, wrote fewer books, and avoided building large shrinec o m p l e x e s .In the colonial era’s heightened atmosphere of polemics and competition,h o w e v e r, certain Chishti Sabiri leaders increasingly came to view silence andwithdrawal as untenable. Mounting the public stage to defend their traditionfrom its critics, prominent s h a y k hs called for social reform; they founded educationalinstitutions and published a broad range of texts. Yet even as SouthA s i a ’s changing social, cultural, and ideological landscape forced a radical rethinkingof the order’s public posture, the discipline of Sufi ritual practice remainedthe enduring bedrock of Chishti Sabiri identity. In today’s Pakistan,spiritual masters of the order continue to guide their followers along the Sufipath, armed with a spiritual genealogy ( s i l s i l a ) that links them directly to theauthority and legacy of the Prophet Muhammad. Given this continuous—butcontested—tradition, the reemergence and reconstitution of the Chishti
Page 2:
Islam inWorld Cultures
Page 5 and 6:
Copyright 2004 by R. Michael Feener
Page 8 and 9:
ContentsC o n t r i bu to r s,ixIsl
Page 10 and 11:
ContributorsDavid Buchman is a cult
Page 12 and 13:
Chapter OneIslamHistorical Introduc
Page 14 and 15:
H i s to r i cal Introduction and O
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20:
Page 23 and 24:
1 2Islam i n World Cult u r e ss u
Page 25 and 26:
1 4Islam i n World Cult u r e stici
Page 27 and 28:
1 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sMusl
Page 29 and 30:
1 8Islam i n World Cult u r e stert
Page 31 and 32:
2 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sconf
Page 33 and 34:
A modern permutation of the public
Page 35 and 36:
2 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sMove
Page 37 and 38:
2 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sThes
Page 39 and 40:
2 8Islam i n World Cult u r e sand
Page 41 and 42:
3 0Islam i n World Cult u r e stinu
Page 43 and 44:
3 2Islam i n World Cult u r e st e
Page 45 and 46:
3 4Islam i n World Cult u r e smati
Page 47 and 48:
3 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sSinc
Page 49 and 50:
3 8Islam i n World Cult u r e sAl-J
Page 52:
Chapter TwoIslam after EmpireTurkey
Page 55 and 56:
4 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sGod,
Page 57 and 58:
4 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sthe
Page 59 and 60:
4 8Islam i n World Cult u r e sdent
Page 61 and 62:
5 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sof c
Page 63 and 64:
5 2Islam i n World Cult u r e stion
Page 65 and 66:
5 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sAcco
Page 67 and 68:
5 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sWhen
Page 69 and 70:
5 8Islam i n World Cult u r e spara
Page 71 and 72:
6 0Islam i n World Cult u r e swhic
Page 73 and 74:
6 2Islam i n World Cult u r e sGree
Page 75 and 76:
6 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sampl
Page 77 and 78: 6 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sThe
Page 79 and 80: 6 8Islam i n World Cult u r e sgiou
Page 81 and 82: 7 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sof j
Page 83 and 84: 7 2Islam i n World Cult u r e sbelo
Page 85 and 86: 7 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sU.S.
Page 88 and 89: Shi’ite Islam in Contemporary Ira
Page 112: Shi’ite Islam in Contemporary Ira
Page 116 and 117: D e bati ng Ort h o d ox y, Contest
Page 142: D e bati ng Ort h o d ox y, Contest
Page 146 and 147: Islam in Contemporary Central Asia
Page 164 and 165: Muslims at a shrine in Bukhara, Uzb
Page 170: Islam in Contemporary Central Asia
Page 174 and 175: Islam in China 1 6 3Kurds now make
Page 176 and 177: Islam in China 1 6 5sue for some Tu
Page 178 and 179:
Islam in China 1 6 7it that religio
Page 180 and 181:
Islam in China 1 6 9tion of large n
Page 182 and 183:
Islam in China 1 7 1Muslim national
Page 184 and 185:
Islam in China 1 7 3rather recent p
Page 186 and 187:
Islam in China 1 7 5A Muslim Uyghur
Page 188 and 189:
Islam in China 1 7 7While further r
Page 190 and 191:
Islam in China 1 7 9pressure and wi
Page 192:
Islam in China 1 8 1Israeli, Raphae
Page 196 and 197:
Muslim Thought and Practice in Cont
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Muslim students working on Arabic c
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226:
Page 230 and 231:
Religion, Language, and Nat i o n a
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264:
Chapter NineRace, Ideology, and Isl
Page 267 and 268:
A mosque in Bo-Kaap, the traditiona
Page 269 and 270:
2 5 8Islam i n World Cult u r e sSo
Page 271 and 272:
2 6 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sra
Page 273 and 274:
2 6 2Islam i n World Cult u r e sBe
Page 275 and 276:
2 6 4Islam i n World Cult u r e she
Page 277 and 278:
2 6 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sla
Page 279 and 280:
2 6 8Islam i n World Cult u r e scr
Page 281 and 282:
2 7 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sof
Page 283 and 284:
2 7 2Islam i n World Cult u r e sto
Page 285 and 286:
2 7 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sTh
Page 287 and 288:
2 7 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sca
Page 289 and 290:
2 7 8Islam i n World Cult u r e sA
Page 291 and 292:
2 8 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sab
Page 293 and 294:
2 8 2Islam i n World Cult u r e s
Page 295 and 296:
2 8 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sTh
Page 297 and 298:
2 8 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sde
Page 299 and 300:
2 8 8Islam i n World Cult u r e sfr
Page 301 and 302:
2 9 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sSa
Page 303 and 304:
2 9 2Islam i n World Cult u r e sWh
Page 305 and 306:
2 9 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sst
Page 307 and 308:
2 9 6Islam i n World Cult u r e smo
Page 309 and 310:
2 9 8Islam i n World Cult u r e sof
Page 311 and 312:
3 0 0Islam i n World Cult u r e swh
Page 313 and 314:
3 0 2Islam i n World Cult u r e smo
Page 315 and 316:
3 0 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sH
Page 317 and 318:
3 0 6Islam i n World Cult u r e sec
Page 320 and 321:
Chapter ElevenSuggestions for Furth
Page 322 and 323:
Suggestions for Further Reading and
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Chapter TwelveKey TermsThe heading
Page 350 and 351:
Key Te r m s 3 3 9rule in South Afr
Page 352 and 353:
Key Te r m s 3 4 1Constitution of M
Page 354 and 355:
Key Te r m s 3 4 3Gey Sinan (8)The
Page 356 and 357:
Key Te r m s 3 4 5Brothers), an org
Page 358 and 359:
Key Te r m s 3 4 7the constitution.
Page 360 and 361:
Key Te r m s 3 4 9Kulub (8)A politi
Page 362 and 363:
Key Te r m s 3 5 1and historically
Page 364 and 365:
Key Te r m s 3 5 3PAGAD (9)The popu
Page 366 and 367:
Key Te r m s 3 5 5Semitic (8)A lang
Page 368 and 369:
Key Te r m s 3 5 7Tablighi Jama’a
Page 370 and 371:
Key Te r m s 3 5 9speak a Turkic la
Page 372 and 373:
IndexAa’sir, Imam al-Ghazi Ahmad
Page 374 and 375:
I n d e x 3 6 3Assimilation, 166, 1
Page 376 and 377:
I n d e x 3 6 5nation-building by,
Page 378 and 379:
I n d e x 3 6 7Evangelical Christia
Page 380 and 381:
I n d e x 3 6 9Government, 238, 241
Page 382 and 383:
I n d e x 3 7 1Intellectualism, 17,
Page 384 and 385:
I n d e x 3 7 3Kandhlawi, Maulana M
Page 386 and 387:
I n d e x 3 7 5Marxism, 90, 113, 15
Page 388 and 389:
I n d e x 3 7 7Mutiny of 1857, 106M
Page 390 and 391:
I n d e x 3 7 9cultural, 240-241Eth
Page 392 and 393:
I n d e x 3 8 1Chishti Sabiri, 127I
Page 394 and 395:
I n d e x 3 8 3Solomonic dynasty, 2
Page 396 and 397:
I n d e x 3 8 5Sufi, 26, 190Turkmen
Page 398 and 399:
I n d e x 3 8 7Yacub, 292Yakub Beg
show all

Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives - Islamic Books ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?