Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives - Islamic Books ...

3 7 0Islam i n World Cult u r e sIdentities (continued)group, 230, 236, 238, 239Harari, 230, 239, 242, 243–244Hui, 172Indian, 261, 262, 268Kazakh, 137Kyrgyz, 173language and, 235local, 238, 242Malay, 264, 268Muslim, 109, 118, 136, 138, 245,259–260, 261, 267, 268, 286, 290,294–295, 298, 301, 302national, 105, 138, 140, 141, 142,144, 145, 147, 148, 156, 242Orthodox Christian, 236Pakistani, 120post-Soviet, 156racial, 259–262, 268religious, 105, 116, 236, 241, 242social, 67Sufi, 120, 126Turkmen, 148Uyghur, 175Uzbek, 146Ideology, 34, 54, 93, 196, 201, 246national, 128pan-Islamic, 48, 49, 69, 193political, 51–52, 80religious, 98, 128Soviet, 147Western, 112Idgah Mosque, 175Idol-worship, 70Ijtihad, 82, 92, 98, 111, 112, 113, 201,344call for, 202public, 204Ikhwan al-Muslimin. See MuslimBrotherhoodImam-Hatip institutions, 67Imams, 20, 46, 77, 82, 257, 296, 301,305, 345love for, 80moral authority of, 81role of, 6Saudi-trained, 302visiting tombs of, 78, 79–80Imdadullah, Hajji, 108IMF. See International Monetary FundImmigrants, 161, 221, 249, 296Arab, 193Asian, 291, 295assimilation of, 294mosques and, 290–291Muslim, 257, 293, 295Immigration bill, 295ImperialismChristian, 53European, 27, 30, 83, 255resistance against, 28, 48, 69,188–189Soviet, 148IMU. See Islamic Movement ofUzbekistanIndentured labor, 257Indian Congress Party, 109Indian Empire, British Crown and, 106Indian Muslims, 259, 261, 263, 264Indo-Muslim society, 105, 106, 108, 121Indonesia, 255independence for, 188, 197, 201map of, 184Indonesian Association of MuslimIntellectuals (ICMI), 211Indonesian Communist Party (PKI),198Indonesian Constitution, Preamble to,197–198Indonesian Islam, 30, 190, 201,213–214changes for, 196, 199institutional character of, 194Internet and, 209power base for, 197Industrial Revolution, 83Inner Aspects of Faith (Faridi), 121Institute of Islamic Research, 113Institute of Oriental Studies, 146Institutionalization, 15, 186, 255, 280