Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives - Islamic Books ...

3 7 4Islam i n World Cult u r e sLanguages (continued)Uzbek, 146Lasykar Jihad, 211Lebanese civil war, 288Legal issues, 23, 45, 46, 111, 204,273–274“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”(Irving), 286Lennard, John Gilbert. See Zauqi Shah,MuhammadLetters and Memories from the Hajj(Navis), 9Letters of a Sufi Saint in Jinnah (ZauqiShah), 120Liberal Islam (Kurzman), 36Liberalism, 60, 112Liberation Party, 298Liberation theology, 266Limitation of Rights, 274Limited Group, 200Linxia, mosque in, 168 (photo)Lipman, Jonathan, 163Literacy, 63, 139, 248, 289Literature, 238–240Harari, 239–240Islamic, 239Malay, 190Soviet, 150–151Liu Zhi, 167Living Buddha, 165Loplyk, 174“Luqtat al-Tarikhiyya,” 232, 245–250Luther, Martin, 98Ma Chen-wu, 166, 167Ma Laichi, 165Ma Mingxin, 165Ma Qixi, 165, 167Ma Zhenwu, 166Ma’atkhanas, 296Madhhab, 19, 349Madinat al-Awliya, 227Madjid, Nurcholish, 36, 200Madrasas, 21–23, 46, 66, 81, 95,107–108, 109, 110, 110 (photo),116, 119, 136, 137, 139, 150, 208(photo)Deoband, 120, 208, 263described, 349Taliban, 111women’s, 123The Magnificent Power Potential ofPakistan (Rabbani), 121–122Mahalla, 141Maharat, 245Mahdi, 77, 291, 349Mahdi, al-, 78Mahmud, Mustafa, 70, 71Majlis, 224Makassarese, 186Makonnen, Ras Tafari, 224Malawian Muslims, 259Malays, 190, 203, 264, 265, 280n1mosque in, 256 (photo)as racial category, 260–261Malcolm X, 9, 293, 294, 295Maliki, 19, 349Mamluk dynasty, 21Manar, al-, 28Manichaeanism, 173Mansoop, Ali al-, 283Marabouts, 289, 349Marcus, Margaret. See Jameelah,MaryamMarghinani, Burhan al-Din Abu’lHasan al-, 135, 148Mariññet, 229, 230, 242, 349–350Marja-e taqlid, 81, 82, 88, 91, 94, 350Marriagescustomary, 276Islamic, 268, 270, 271–272, 273, 275,276–277laws on, 62nonrecognition of, 275polygamous, 304recognition of, 270, 272, 276, 279second, 276–277See also IntermarriagesMartyrdom, 72, 248Marx, Karl, 68, 87, 89