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Richard Steiner, Kol Nidre - Yeshiva University Blogs

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<strong>Kol</strong> <strong>Nidre</strong>: Past, Present and Future5וששאלתם יכולין הצבור להתיר בראש השנה וביום הכפורים כלנדרים שנודרין משנה זו לשנה אחרת.‏ואין נוהגין לא בישיבה ולא בכל מקום להת{י}ר נדרים,‏לא בראש השנה ולא ביום הכפורים,‏ אלא שמענו שבשאר ארצותאומרים כל נדרי ואסרי,‏ ‏{אבל}‏ אנו לא ראינו ולא שמענומרבותינו.‏תשובה:‏ ...And (concerning) that which you asked: Can thecommunity release, on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur,all vows that they vow from this year to next year? 14Reply: ... And it is not the practice in the Academy oranywhere else (in our land) to release vows—not on RoshHashanah and not on Yom Kippur. We have heard that inother lands they say <strong>Kol</strong> <strong>Nidre</strong> we-ʾEsare, but we have notseen this (ourselves) or heard this from our Rabbis.The question deals with the use of a prospective declaration—nodoubt that of the Talmud. The reply is slightly evasive, avoiding anexplicit rejection of amoraic practice: the annulment of vows is notpracticed in Babylonia (in any form—prospective or retrospective),but retrospective <strong>Kol</strong> <strong>Nidre</strong> is reportedly in use in other lands.The banning of <strong>Kol</strong> <strong>Nidre</strong> could not have been easy. Evidence of apsychological void on Yom Kippur can be seen in the followingreport:ומיום שנמנעו חכמים להפר נדרים ולהתיר שבועות התקינו לומ'‏בתחנונים בישיבות ביום הכיפורים ובתעניות של צבור רחמנא גליא15קמך דלית לן למיפר נדרי ולית דשרי איסרי....‏And from the day that the sages stopped annulling vowsand releasing oaths, they instituted (the practice of) sayingin the laments in the Academies on Yom Kippur and thepublic fasts: “O Merciful One, it is evident to You that wehave no one to annul vows and (that) there is no one whoreleases resolutions....”13131994), Ofeq, (ed. Y. [R.] Brody; Jerusalem: תשובות רב נטרונאי בר הילאי גאון311.14Cf. בשנה האחרת “next year” (Gen 17:21).15Lewin, ‏,אוצר הגאונים 11:8-9 and 20 §56.http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/JSIJ/12-2013/<strong>Steiner</strong>.pdf

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