We had a striking example in <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong> <strong>of</strong> the destructivepower <strong>of</strong> tropical rain on the 28th and 29th <strong>of</strong> May 1888, whenthere burst upon the island the most terrific storm that hasoccurred in the history <strong>of</strong> the Colony. Twenty-four inches <strong>of</strong>rain fell in twenty-four hours, which was equivalent 230000tons per hour, within the three and a half square miles coveredby the city <strong>of</strong> Victoria, and equal to twice the average rainfall <strong>of</strong>the whole month. Such a terrific deluge naturally dislodgedenormous quantities <strong>of</strong> earth and stones, and if we reckon onetenththe weight <strong>of</strong> the water, this gives over half a million tons<strong>of</strong> solid matter carried away and driven down the steep mountainside. What wonder than that fearful havoc was wrought!<strong>The</strong> new service-reservoir was quickly choked with earth andlarge rocks, and the water poured over the retaining wall like acataract, causing great alarm lest it should burst. But thequantity <strong>of</strong> solid matter deposited half filled it, thus preventingthat calamity. <strong>The</strong> tramway line above was, however, cutasunder, and much <strong>of</strong> the material carried into the reservoir,while the aqueduct was severed in many places, and added itsdeluge <strong>of</strong> water to the torrent already rushing down into HappyValley, where the rececourse was turned into a lake.<strong>The</strong> main drains <strong>of</strong> the city burst, and the roads were torn upand coverted into deep ravines; a few houses also fell, and fivehundred Chinese were rendered homeless. All the streets becamerivers, along which water, bearing earth and stones, rushed withterrific force. Eight men were killed by lightning, and two orthree burried in the debris.At one time great fear was entertained for the safety <strong>of</strong> thebarracks and other important buildings, but fortunately theywere very solidly constructed, and withstood the strain. <strong>The</strong>storm lasted for thirty-three hours, and the rainfall during thattime <strong>of</strong> thirty inches was equal to the rainfall <strong>of</strong> the whole <strong>of</strong> theBritish Isles in a year. Never will those who witnessed thehavoc made forget it, or cease to reflect on the awful forces <strong>of</strong>nature kept in control by Him 'who holds the winds in Hisfists;' and who, if He would, could in a few hours utterlydestroy every thing from the face <strong>of</strong> the earth.50
<strong>The</strong> colony, but a few hours before a perfect paradise <strong>of</strong> beautyand order, was now to a great extent wrecked. <strong>The</strong> streets wereburied three feet deep in earth and rocks, and large gangs <strong>of</strong>coolies, supervised by soldiers, were kept working for weeks toremove them. All the damage done was not repaired in less thantwo years, and the estimated cost was a million dollars(£Stgl60000).Turner, who was a scholar and a keen observer as well as adedicated Wesleyan, had many opportunities to witness thefury <strong>of</strong> the weather during his mission . . .In June 1891 sickness compelled us to leave the malarialswamps <strong>of</strong> Fat Shan and move to <strong>Hong</strong> <strong>Kong</strong>. Soon after wearrived there a typhoon burst upon us. To guard against suchstorms the windows <strong>of</strong> our houses are fitted with jalousies orwooden shutters, something like Venetian blinds, only withmuch thicker slips, and capable <strong>of</strong> being made fast with verticalbars. It was night when the storm began to howl around us. <strong>The</strong>rain came down in torrents and the wind pressure wasenormous; the house in which we were staying was the newUnion Church Manse, kindly lent us by the devoted andsuccessful past or, Rev G. H. Eondfield; though new and solidlybuilt <strong>of</strong> brick with granite foundations it perceptibly rocked.Ever and anon these typhoons or great winds visit the ChinaSeas, and many are the narrow escapes that steamers have hadwhen caught in the path <strong>of</strong> the storm. Small craft are quicklyswamped or dashed upon the shore. For their warning a red ballis hoisted at Kowloon when a typhoon is known to beapproaching; they then make their way as quickly as possible tothe shelter <strong>of</strong> a breakwater, specially provided for them inCauseway Bay. Not always, however, does the warning comein time. Such was the case in December 1892, when hundreds <strong>of</strong>Chinese craft were wrecked and about a hundred lives lost. <strong>The</strong>deaths are numerous on such occasions, because every boat beinga home, contains a family. Yet, even on this occasion, thesurvivors showed their usual stolidity, though it was noticeablethat one old woman was inconsolable because she had lost—herclock!51
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UNIVERSITY OFHQ,NG KONG>**"/////»I
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The Royal Observatory, Hong KongJIM
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for a series of fine weather and ca
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The typhoon of Saturday September 2
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Above: How the 1874 typhoon destroy
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Above: Aftermath of the 1923 blow w
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its of storm water which could be s
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he splitting of time into microscop
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The Third Congress of the World Met
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small craft. It includes 24-hour ar
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much of the Observatory's work invo
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The marine meteorology section of t
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The water shortage having become ve
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The signal was received by a helica
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The shock occurring yesterday after
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The Royal Observatory is part of tw
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acquired its own radar, which was u
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grass. Soil temperatures are read f
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* Vertical section through the atmo
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of Mineral Resources recommended a
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Much of Hong Kong's population live
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BibliographyABEL, Clarke, Narrative
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IndexAbel, Clarkevisit to Hong Kong
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Macdonnell, Governor Sir Richard, 2