OÊı·ÏÌÔÏÔÁ›· - Πανελλήνια Οφθαλμολογική Εταιρεία

AÓ·ÛÎfiappleËÛË∂appleÈ̤ÏÂÈ·: A. M¿ÓıÔ˜e-mail: amanthos@med.auth.grH ÂÁ¯Â›ÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜appleÔ˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ˘appleÔ‚ÏËı› Û ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙÔÌ‹¢. ¢ÂÚÂÎÏ‹˜, ¡. §¿ÏÏÔ˜, ∞. ∫ÔÛÎÔÛ¿˜∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹∏ ÂͤÏÈÍË Ù˘ ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁÈ΋˜ Ùo˘ ˘·ÏoÂȉo‡˜Î·È ·˘Ù‹˜ Ùo˘ ·ÌÊÈ‚ÏËÛÙÚoÂȉo‡˜, Ì ÙȘ apple·ÓÙoÂÈ-‰Â›˜ ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÛÂȘ Î·È ÙËÓ ˆÚ›Ì·ÓÛË Ù˘ Û¯ÂÙÈ΋˜ ÂÌappleÂÈÚ›·˜,¤¯ÂÈ o‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌoÁ‹ Ù˘ Û ¤Ó·Â˘Ú‡ Ê¿ÛÌ· ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁÈÎÒÓ apple·ı‹ÛÂˆÓ Ùo˘ oappleÈÛı›-o˘ ÙÌ‹Ì·Ùo˜ Ùo˘ ‚oÏ‚o‡. ∏ ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿-appleÙ˘ÍË Ùo˘ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË ÛÙo˘˜ ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌËı¤ÓÙ˜ ·-ÛıÂÓ›˜ Â›Ó·È ·Û‡ÁÎÚÈÙ· appleÈo Û˘¯Ó‹ Û ۯ¤ÛË ÌÂÙoÓ ˘applefiÏoÈappleo Ù˘ ›‰È·˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ appleÏËı˘ÛÌfi. ∏ ·appleo˘-Û›· Ùo˘ ˘·ÏoÂȉo‡˜ ÂÈÛ¿ÁÂÈ È‰È·›ÙÂÚ˜ ‰ÈÂÁ¯ÂÈÚË-ÙÈΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎoϛ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÁ¯Â›ÚËÛË Ùo˘ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË,Á‡Úˆ ·applefi ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒappleÈÛË ÙˆÓ oappleo›ˆÓ ¤¯o˘Ó ‰È-·Ù˘appleˆı› ‰È¿ÊoÚ˜ ·applefi„ÂȘ Î·È ¤¯o˘Ó appleÚoÙ·ı›·applefi appleoÏÏo‡˜ ÂȉÈΤ˜ ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜. OÛÎoapplefi˜ Ùo˘ apple·ÚfiÓÙo˜ ¿ÚıÚo˘ Â›Ó·È Ó· ÙȘ appleÂÚÈ-ÁÚ¿„ÂÈ Î·È Ó· ÙȘ Û¯oÏÈ¿ÛÂÈ.˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË ÌÂÙ¿·applefi p.p. ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙÔÌ‹O ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙ˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ·applefi p.p. ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹apple·›ÚÓÂÈ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ÙË ÌoÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ·Ó¿appleÙ˘Í˘ ‹ Ù˘ Ù·-¯Â›·˜ Âappleȉ›ӈÛ˘ ÂÓfi˜ ‹‰Ë ˘apple¿Ú¯oÓÙo˜ apple˘ÚËÓÈÎo‡Î·Ù·ÚÚ¿ÎÙË.  ¤Ó· Û¯ÂÙÈο ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚo appleoÛoÛÙfiÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Û·Ó oapple›ÛıÈo˜ ˘appleoappleÂÚÈÊ·ÎÈÎfi˜ ηٷÚ-Ú¿ÎÙ˘. ∏ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· Ùo˘ apple˘ÚËÓÈÎo‡ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙˤ¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê› ÛÙo 8% ˆ˜ 80% (Sneed 1984, Smidy1987, Melberg 1995) ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Î·È Ùo˘ oappleÈ-Ûı›o˘ ˘appleoappleÂÚÈÊ·ÎÈÎo‡ ÛÙo 4% ˆ˜ 34% (Mester1989). OÈ appleÚÒÙ˜ apple·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ ·ÊoÚo‡Û·Ó appleÂÚÈappleÙÒÛÂȘ·Ó¿appleÙ˘Í˘ apple˘ÚËÓÈÎo‡ ΢ڛˆ˜ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙËÛ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ appleo˘ ›¯·Ó ˘appleo‚ÏËı› Û p.p. ‚ÈÙÚÂ-ÎÙoÌ‹ ÁÈ· ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË appleÚoˆ¯ÚÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÌ‚Ú·ÓÒÓ. ∂apple›-Û˘, Û appleoχ ÌÂÁ¿Ïo ·ÚÈıÌfi Î·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ Ù·˘Ùfi¯Úo-Ó· ‰ËÌoÛȇıËÎ·Ó appleoÏϤ˜ ·Ó·ÊoÚ¤˜ Ì ı¤Ì· ÙËÓ·Ó¿appleÙ˘ÍË oappleÈÛı›o˘ ˘appleoappleÂÚÈÊ·ÎÈÎo‡ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙËÌÂÙ¿ ·applefi ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹, Ì appleoÈΛϘ ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ appleo˘·appleo‰fiıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ apple·Ú·ÙÂٷ̤ÓË ¤Á¯˘ÛË ˘ÁÚÒÓ ‹ÛÙ· ÂÓ‰o‚oÏ‚Èο ·¤ÚÈ· Î·È ÛÙËÓ ˘ÁÚ‹ ÛÈÏÈÎfiÓË, appleo˘appleoÏϤ˜ ÊoÚ¤˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌoappleoÈo‡ÓÙ·È Û ·˘Ù¤˜ Ù˘ ηٷ-ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ. ÕÏψÛÙÂ, Â›Ó·È appleÈ· Û‹ÌÂÚ· apple¤Ú· ·applefi ο-ı ·ÌÊÈ‚oÏ›· ÁÓˆÛÙfi, fiÙÈ Ë ÂÓ‰o‚oÏ‚È΋ (˘ÁÚ‹) ÛÈ-ÏÈÎfiÓË appleÚoηÏ› ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË Û fiÏo˘˜ Ùo˘˜ ¤ÌÊ·-Îo˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ (Christiansen 1976, Leaver 1976, Faulborn1978, Michels 1984, Gasswell 1987, ∞ÏÂÍ·Ó-‰Ú›‰Ë˜ 1995).¤Ú· ·applefi Ù· ¢ڤˆ˜ appleÈ· ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚÈṲ̂ӷ appleÚo-·Ó·ÊÂÚı¤ÓÙ· ·›ÙÈ· Ùo˘ ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈÎo‡ ηٷÚÚ¿-ÎÙË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎo› appleÚo‰È·ıÂÛÈÎo› apple·Ú¿ÁoÓÙ˜ ıÂ-ˆÚo‡ÓÙ·È oÈ ·ÎfiÏo˘ıoÈ:1. ∏ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ËÏÈΛ· (Ogura 1993).2. ∏ appleÚo¸apple¿Ú¯o˘Û· ıfiψÛË Ùo˘ Ê·Îo‡ (DeBustros 1998).3. ∏ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ Âapple¤Ì‚·Û˘ (Novak 1984).4. ∏ Âapple·Ê‹ Ùo˘ Ê·Îo‡ Ì Ùo ‚ÈÙÚÂoÊ¿Áo(Blodi 1997).5. O ‰È·‚‹Ù˘ (Blankenship, Machemer 1984).6. ∏ ‰È·ÛÎÏËÚÈ΋ ÎÚ˘oappleËÍ›· (Helbing 1997).7. ∏ ˘„ËÏ‹ ‰È¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ ÂÓ‰oÊı¿ÏÌÈ· apple›ÂÛË(Pesin 1991, Nakasawa 1993, Thompson 1995).Ùo˘˜ ËÏÈÎȈ̤Óo˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ o ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙ˘·˘Ùfi˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ Ù¿ÛË Ó· apple·›ÚÓÂÈ Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÙË ÌoÚÊ‹Ùo˘ apple˘ÚËÓÈÎo‡, ÂÓÒ ÛÙo˘˜ Ó¤o˘˜ ÙË ÌoÚÊ‹ Ùo˘ oapple›-ÛıÈo˘ ˘appleoη„ÈÎo‡ (Poliner 1991, Hakin 1993).∫·Ù¿ ηÓfiÓ· ÂÍÂÏ›ÛÛÂÙ·È appleoχ ·ÚÁ¿ ·ÏÏ¿ appleÚoo-‰Â˘ÙÈο Î·È appleoÏϤ˜ ÊoÚ¤˜ ηχappleÙÂÈ Î·È appleÂÚÈoÚ›˙ÂÈÙËÓ ‚Ú·‰Â›· ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ oappleÙÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙo˘ÚÁ›·˜ appleo˘OÊı·ÏÌÔÏÔÁ›·, 14, 2 : 155 - 160, 2002 155