158 OÊı·ÏÌÔÏÔÁ›·, 14, 2 (2002)Úo‡ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙË ÌÂÛoÏ¿‚ËÛË „·ÏȉÈo‡. ∏ η„o˘ÏfiÚ-ÚËÍË, appleo˘ ·ÎoÏo˘ı›, appleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· ÂappleȉÈÒÎÂÙ·È Ó·Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË, ÒÛÙ ӷ ‰È¢ÎoχÓÂÈ ÌÂÙÂÁ-¯ÂÈÚËÙÈο ÙËÓ oappleÙÈ΋ appleÚoÛapple¤Ï·ÛË Ùo˘ ‚˘ıo‡ ÁÈ·ÂͤٷÛË, ıÂÚ·apple›· ‹, Â¿Ó ˘apple¿ÚÍÂÈ ·Ó¿ÁÎË, ÌÈ·ÂappleÈappleÚfiÛıÂÙË ÂÁ¯Â›ÚËÛË (Mc Dermott 1997).∞˘Ùfi fï˜ appleo˘ ·appleoÙÂÏ› Ùo ÌfiÓÈÌo appleÚfi‚ÏË̷ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ Âapple¤Ì‚·Û˘ Î·È ÙËÓ Î‡ÚÈ· ¤Ó-ÓoÈ· Ùo˘ ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁo‡ Â›Ó·È Ùo ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓo ‚¿-ıo˜ Ùo˘ appleÚoÛı›o˘ ı·Ï¿Ìo˘ Î·È Ùo Û¯ÂÙÈο ·-ÛÙ·ı¤˜ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· appleÂÚÈʷΛo˘-˙ÈÓÓ›o˘ ˙ÒÓ˘. ∂¿Ó˘appleoı¤Ûo˘Ì fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ Û˘ÓÙÚ¤¯o˘Ó ÂȉÈÎo› ÏfiÁoÈ, fiappleˆ˜Ú‹ÍË Ù˘ ˙ÈÓÓ›o˘ ˙ÒÓ˘, Ú‹ÍË appleÂÚÈʷΛo˘,appleoχ ÛÎÏËÚfi˜ apple˘Ú‹Ó·˜, o appleÚoÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÁÈ·ÌÈ· Ù˘appleÈ΋ Ê·ÎoıÚ˘„›· Â›Ó·È Ë appleÈo ÛˆÛÙ‹ χÛË.‹ÌÂÚ· Ë Ê·ÎoıÚ˘„›· ·appleoÙÂÏ› ۯ‰fiÓ ÙoÓ Î·Ófi-Ó·, ÁÈ·Ù› Ì ÙoÓ Î·ÈÚfi ·appleo‰Â›¯ıËΠfiÙÈ Ë ∂∂∫,ÛÙȘ appleÂÚÈappleÙÒÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜, ¤¯ÂÈ appleÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ‰˘-ÛÎoϛ˜ Î·È ÌÂÈoÓÂÎÙ‹Ì·Ù· (Meyers 1978, Hutton1987, Ruellan 1993).∞˘Ùfi appleo˘ ˘appleoÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÂÙ·È ·applefi fiÏo˘˜ Ùo˘˜Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ Â›Ó·È Ë È‰È·›ÙÂÚË appleÚoÛo¯‹ appleo˘ appleÚ¤appleÂÈÓ· ‰›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛË ÂÓfi˜ ηı·Úo‡ oappleÙÈ-Îo‡ apple‰›o˘ (fi¯È ‰Èappleψ̤Óo˜ ·applefi ÎÂÚ·ÙÈΤ˜ Ùo̤˜ÎÂÚ·ÙoÂȉ‹˜) Î·È ÙËÓ ‰È·Ù‹ÚËÛË Ù˘ ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛË˜Î·È Ù˘ ¤Á¯˘Û˘ Û ۯÂÙÈο ¯·ÌËÏ¿ Âapple›apple‰·. ΔoÓ›-˙ÂÙ·È Ì ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ¤ÌÊ·ÛË Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË Ù˘ ÂÊ·Ú-ÌoÁ‹˜ ÌÈ·˜ Ù·ÎÙÈ΋˜ Ì ‚Ú·‰Â›˜ Î·È ‹appleÈo˘˜ ÁÂÓÈÎ¿Ú˘ıÌo‡˜. °È· Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ıo‡Ó ·ÎfiÌË appleÈo appleoχ oÈ ·-ÛÊ·Ï›˜ ·˘Ùo› ¯ÂÈÚÈÛÌo› Û˘ÛÙ‹ÓÂÙ·È Âapple› appleϤoÓ, ÌÂ-Ù¿ ÙË ‰ËÌÈo˘ÚÁ›· Ùo˘ ÛÙ·˘Úo‡, Ùo Ûapple¿ÛÈÌo Ùo˘ apple˘-Ú‹Ó· Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ¿ÁÎÈÛÙÚ· Î·È Î¿Ùˆ ·applefi ÛÙ·ıÂ-Ú¤˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜, appleo˘ ÌappleoÚ› Ó· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÂÈ appleoχappleÈo ·appleoÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÓfi˜ Û˘ÓÙËÚËÙ‹appleÚoÛı›o˘ ı·Ï¿Ìo˘. Δo ›‰Èo ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Ê¿-ÛË Ù˘ ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ «Ì·˙ÒÓ», fiappleo˘ oÈ Î·Ù¿ÙoÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚo ‰˘Ó·Ùfi ÙÚfiappleo ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓ˜ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ¤Á¯˘Û˘-·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛ˘ ÂÏ·¯ÈÛÙoappleoÈo‡Ó ÛÙo ̤ÁÈ-ÛÙo ‰˘Ó·Ùfi ‚·ıÌfi ÙoÓ Î›Ó‰˘Óo ÙˆÓ ÂappleÈappleÏoÎÒÓ(¢ÂÚÂÎÏ‹˜ 1989, 2000, Mc Dermott 1997).∂¿Ó ˘apple¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ú‹ÍË Ùo˘ oappleÈÛı›o˘ appleÂÚÈʷΛo˘ ‹‚Ï¿‚Ë Ù˘ ˙ÈÓÓ›o˘ ˙ÒÓ˘ Û ¤ÎÙ·ÛË apple¿Óˆ ·applefi 25-30%, o ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁfi˜ appleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· appleÚoÛ·ÚÌfiÛÂÈ ÙËÓÙ¯ÓÈ΋ Û ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ Û˘Óı‹Î˜. ÙËÓ appleÚÒÙË appleÂÚ›-appleÙˆÛË ÎÏ·ÛÈ΋ χÛË ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ÌÈ· Ù˘appleÈ΋ ∂∂∫ ̯ڋÛË ÎÚ˘o‰›o˘ ‹ ·Á·Ï˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË Ùo˘apple˘Ú‹Ó·. Ú¤appleÂÈ Ó· ·appleoʇÁÂÙ·È Î¿ı appleÚoÛapple¿-ıÂÈ· apple›ÂÛ˘-¤ÎıÏȄ˘, ÁÈ·Ù› ÂÁ΢ÌoÓ› ÙoÓ Î›Ó-‰˘Óo Ù˘ ÌÂÙ·ÙfiappleÈÛ˘ Ùo˘ Ê·Îo‡ ÛÙo ˘·ÏoÂȉ¤˜.·ÚfiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ fï˜, ·ÚÎÂÙo› ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁo› appleÚoÙÈÌo‡ÓÙËÓ Ê·ÎoıÚ˘„›· Î·È Û’ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ appleÂÚÈappleÙÒÛÂȘ. ΔoÂappleȯ›ÚËÌ· Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ Ë ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÂÈ ÛÙ·-ıÂÚ¤˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ ÙfiÓo˘, Âappleo̤ӈ˜ Î·È Î·Ïfi ¯ÂÈ-Úo˘ÚÁÈÎfi apple‰›o, Î·È ÌappleoÚ› ηÓ›˜, ÏÂÈÙo˘ÚÁÒÓÙ·˜Ì ¯·ÌËϤ˜ appleȤÛÂȘ-·Ó·ÚÚoÊ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚËappleÚoÛo¯‹, Ó· ·appleoʇÁÂÈ ÙËÓ ·appleÒÏÂÈ· Ùo˘ apple˘Ú‹Ó· ÛÙo˘·ÏoÂȉ¤˜, ÂÓÒ apple·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ı· ¤¯ÂÈ Ùo Τډo˜ Ù˘ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ÙoÌ‹˜. ΔËÓ ›‰È· ÂappleȯÂÈÚËÌ·ÙoÏoÁ›· Î·È ÙËÓ›‰È· Ù·ÎÙÈ΋ ÌappleoÚ› ηÓ›˜ Ó· ÂappleÈηÏÂÛı› Î·È Ó·ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛÂÈ Î·È ÛÙȘ appleÂÚÈappleÙÒÛÂȘ Ì Ûapple·Ṳ̂ÓË ˙›Ó-ÓÂÈo ˙ÒÓË. ∞Ó Ë ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ‚Ï¿‚˘ ‰ÂÓ ÍÂappleÂÚÓ¿ Ùo25-30%, ÙfiÙÂ Ë Ï‡ÛË Â›Ó·È Û¯ÂÙÈο ‡ÎoÏË. ∂¿Ó Ë‚Ï¿‚Ë Â›Ó·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË, ÌappleoÚ› Ó· Ê·Ó› ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌo˜o ÂȉÈÎfi˜ ‰·ÎÙ‡ÏÈo˜ appleo˘ Û˘ÁÎÚ·Ù› Î·È ˘appleoÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÈÙo appleÂÚÈÊ¿ÎÈo (Cionni 2000).∏ ÂappleÈÏoÁ‹ Ùo˘ ÂÓ‰oÊ·Îo‡ ÂÍ·ÚÙ¿Ù·È ·applefi ÙÈ˜Û˘Óı‹Î˜ appleo˘ ¤¯o˘Ó ‰È·ÌoÚʈı› ηٿ Ùo Ù¤Ïo˜Ù˘ Âapple¤Ì‚·Û˘. ∏ appleÚoÙÈÌËÙ¤· χÛË Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜ ·-Ó·‰ÈappleÏo‡ÌÂÓo˜ ·ÎÚ˘ÏÈÎfi˜ ÂÓ‰oÊ·Îfi˜ oappleÙÈ΋˜ ˙Ò-Ó˘ ‰È·Ì¤ÙÚo˘ 6 ¯ÈÏ. ̤۷ ÛÙo Û¿ÎÎo ÂÓfi˜ ˘ÁÈo‡˜appleÂÚÈʷΛo˘. ∏ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË Ï‡ÛË Â›Ó·È ¤Ó·˜apple·ÚfiÌoÈo˜ Ê·Îfi˜ ÌappleÚoÛÙ¿ ·applefi ¤Ó· Âapple·ÚΤ˜ ˘applefi-ÏÂÈÌÌ· oappleÈÛı›o˘ appleÂÚÈʷΛo˘ ÛÙËÚÈÁ̤Óo˜ ÛÙosulcus (Smiddy 1987). ŸÙ·Ó Ë ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· χÛË ‰ÂÓÂ›Ó·È ÂÊÈÎÙ‹, ·appleo̤Óo˘Ó Û·Ó Ï‡ÛÂȘ Ë ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍËÂÓfi˜ ÂÓ‰oÊ·Îo‡ ÛÙoÓ ÛÎÏËÚfi ‹ Ë Ùoappleoı¤ÙËÛË ÂÓfi˜ÂÓ‰oÊ·Îo‡ appleÚoÛı›o˘ ı·Ï¿Ìo˘. ∏ appleÚÒÙË ¤¯ÂÈ Ù·ÌÂÈoÓÂÎÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÙˆÓ appleÈı·ÓÒÓ Ûo‚·ÚÒÓ ÂappleÈappleÏoÎÒÓÙ˘, ÂÓÒ Ë ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ı· ‰ËÌÈo˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ ‰˘ÛÎoϛ˜, Â-¿Ó ¯ÚÂÈ·Ûı› ÌÈ· Ó¤· ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹ Î·È ÂÊ·ÚÌoÁ‹ÛÈÏÈÎfiÓ˘ ‹ ·ÂÚ›o˘ ÛÙ· Ì¿ÙÈ· appleo˘ ı· ÂÌÊ·Ó›Ûo˘Ó˘appleoÙÚoapple‹ Ù˘ apple·ıoÏoÁ›·˜ Ùo˘ ‚˘ıo‡. Ú¤appleÂÈ Ó·ÛËÌÂȈı›, Ù¤Ïo˜, fiÙÈ Ë ·appleo˘Û›· Ùo˘ ˘·ÏoÂȉo‡˜ÛÙÂÚ› ·applefi ·˘Ù¿ Ù· Ì¿ÙÈ· ÙoÓ Ê˘ÛÈoÏoÁÈÎfi ÊÚ·Á-Ìfi appleo˘ Ù· appleÚoÛٷهÂÈ ·applefi ÙËÓ ÙoÍÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙoÓ ·Ì-ÊÈ‚ÏËÛÙÚoÂȉ‹ Âapple›‰Ú·ÛË o˘ÛÈÒÓ appleo˘ ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓ·ı· ¯ÚÂÈ·˙fiÙ·Ó Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌoappleoÈËıo‡Ó ÛÙË ¯ÂÈÚo˘Ú-ÁÈ΋ Ùo˘ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË, apple.¯. ·ÌÈÓoÁÏ˘ÎoÛȉÒÓ, ·-‰ÚÂÓ·Ï›Ó˘, Î.Ï.apple. ∏ ·appleo˘Û›· Ùo˘ ˘·ÏoÂȉo‡˜ Âappleo-̤ӈ˜ ÂappleÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ Î·È ÙËÓ ·appleoÊ˘Á‹ Ù˘ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ·˘-ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ o˘ÛÈÒÓ (Grusha 1998)∞appleÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·Δo ÏÂÈÙo˘ÚÁÈÎfi ·appleoÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÁ¯Â›-ÚËÛË Ùo˘ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË Û ̿ÙÈ· appleo˘ ¤¯o˘Ó ˘appleoÛÙ›‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹ ÂÍ·ÚÙ¿Ù·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ·applefi ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË,·Ó·ÙoÌÈ΋ Î·È ÏÂÈÙo˘ÚÁÈ΋, Ùo˘ ·ÌÊÈ‚ÏËÛÙÚoÂÈ-‰o‡˜ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Ù˘ ˆ¯Ú¿˜, appleo˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÌoÚ-ʈı› ·applefi ÙËÓ appleÚˆÙoÁÂÓ‹ apple·ıoÏoÁ›· Ùo˘˜ (·appleo-ÎfiÏÏËÛË ·ÌÊ/‰o‡˜, ‰È·‚ËÙÈ΋ ·ÌÊ/ıÂÈ·, oapple‹ Ù˘
OÊı·ÏÌÔÏÔÁ›·, 14, 2 (2002) 159ˆ¯Ú¿˜, ÙÚ·‡Ì·, ÎÏapple.) Î·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ oappleo›· ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ë ‚È-ÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹ appleo˘ appleÚoËÁ‹ıËÎÂ. Àapple’ ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓoÈ·, ËÙ¯ÓÈ΋ Ù˘ ÂÁ¯Â›ÚËÛ˘ Ùo˘ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË Ê·›ÓÂÙ·ÈfiÙÈ apple·›˙ÂÈ Î·Ù¿ οappleoÈo ÙÚfiappleo ‰Â˘ÙÂÚ‡oÓÙ· ÚfiÏo.ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›· Ùo˘ Dohrmann Î·È Û˘Ó. (1977),appleo˘ ·ÊoÚ¿ 26 ÂappleÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ Û ÌÈ· Âappleo¯‹ appleo˘ Ë∂∂∫ ‹ Ë π∂∫ ‹Ù·Ó o ηÓfiÓ·˜ Î·È Ë ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹appleo˘ appleÚoËÁ‹ıËΠ·ÊoÚo‡Û Û ̿ÙÈ· appleo˘ ¤apple·Û¯·Ó·applefi ·appleoÎfiÏÏËÛË, Ë ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ oappleÙÈ΋ o͇ÙË-Ù· ‹Ù·Ó >4/10 ÛÙo 50% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ. ∏ Ú‹ÍË Ùo˘appleÂÚÈʷΛo˘ Î·È Ë ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ ·ÈÌoÚÚ·Á›·, appleo˘‹Ù·Ó oÈ Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ˜ ‰ÈÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈ-ÚËÙÈΤ˜ ÂappleÈappleÏoΤ˜, ‰ÂÓ ÂappleËÚ¤·Û·Ó Ùo ·appleoÙ¤ÏÂ-ÛÌ·. ·ÚfiÌoÈ· ÏÂÈÙo˘ÚÁÈο ·appleoÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· appleÂÚÈ-ÁÚ¿Êo˘Ó Î·È oÈ Freeman Î·È Û˘Ó. (1997) ÌÂÙ¿ ·applefiÂappleÈÙ˘¯‹ ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹ ÁÈ· oapple‹ Ù˘ ˆ¯Ú¿˜ Î·È ÂÁ¯Â›-ÚËÛË Î·Ù·ÚÚ¿ÎÙË Û ‰Â‡ÙÂÚo ¯ÚfiÓo.OÈ Gruska Î·È Û˘Ó. (1998) ÌÂÙ¿ ·applefi Ê·ÎoıÚ˘„›·Î·È Ùoappleoı¤ÙËÛË ÂÓ‰oÊ·Îo‡ Û 44 Ì¿ÙÈ·appleo˘ ›¯·Ó ˘appleo‚ÏËı› Û ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹ ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÊoÚo˘˜ÏfiÁo˘˜, apple·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ·Ó ÂappleÈappleϤoÓ Î·È ÌÈ· appleÚoo‰Â˘-ÙÈ΋ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋˜ oappleÙÈ΋˜ o͇ÙË-Ù·˜ Ì ÙËÓ apple¿Úo‰o Ùo˘ ¯ÚfiÓo˘. ÙȘ 6 ‚‰oÌ¿‰Â˜ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Âapple¤Ì‚·ÛË Ë oappleÙÈ΋ o͇ÙËÙ· ‹Ù·Ó >5/10ÛÙo 63,6% ÂÓÒ ·Ó‹Ïı ÛÙo 72,9% ÛÙËÓ ÙÂÏÈ΋ Âͤ-Ù·ÛË appleo˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ηٿ ̤Ûo fiÚo appleoχ ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ·.Ùo ÂÚÒÙËÌ· Â¿Ó Ë ∂∂∫ ‹ Ë Ê·ÎoıÚ˘„›· Â-appleËÚ¿˙ÂÈ appleÈo ıÂÙÈο Ùo ÙÂÏÈÎfi ÏÂÈÙo˘ÚÁÈÎfi ·appleo-Ù¤ÏÂÛÌ· ı· ÌappleoÚo‡Û·Ó ›Ûˆ˜ Ó· ‰ÒÛo˘Ó ·apple¿ÓÙË-ÛË oÈ ·ÎfiÏo˘ı˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜. OÈ Saunders Î·È Û˘Ó.(1996) ·Ó·Ê¤ÚoÓÙ·È Û ÌÈ· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ·applefi 41 appleÂÚÈappleÙÒÛÂȘappleo˘ ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ì ∂∂∫ ÌÂÙ¿ ·applefi‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹, ÂÓÒ oÈ McDermott Î·È Û˘Ó. (1997)Û 22 appleÂÚÈappleÙÒÛÂȘ appleo˘ ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ì ʷÎoıÚ˘„›·.OÈ appleÚÒÙoÈ Â›¯·Ó appleoÛoÛÙfi Ù˘ ‚¤ÏÙÈÛÙ˘Ì ‰ÈfiÚıˆÛË fiÚ·Û˘ ÛÙo 90,2%, ÂÓÒ oÈ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚoÈ,ÌÂÙÚÒÓÙ·˜ Î·È Û˘ÁÎÚ›ÓoÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ‚¤ÏÙÈÛÙË fiÚ·ÛËÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ‚ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÁ¯Â›ÚËÛË Ùo˘Î·Ù·ÚÚ¿ÎÙË, ÛÙo 95,0%. ∞appleoÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· appleÚ·ÎÙÈοÈÛo‰‡Ó·Ìo ·Ó Ï¿‚ÂÈ ˘applefi„Ë Ùo˘ ηÓ›˜ Ùo˘˜ ÌÈ-ÎÚo‡˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο ·ÚÈıÌo‡˜ ÙˆÓ appleÂÚÈÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ appleo˘appleÂÚȤ¯oÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ apple·Ú·apple¿Óˆ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜.˘ÌappleÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·∏ ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁÈ΋ Ùo˘ ˘·ÏoÂȉo‡˜ ηχappleÙÂÈ ¤Ó·Û˘Ó¯Ҙ ‰È¢ڢÓfiÌÂÓo Ê¿ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ apple·ı‹ÛÂˆÓ Ùo˘oappleÈÛı›o˘ ÙÌ‹Ì·Ùo˜ Ùo˘ ‚oÏ‚o‡. ŒÓ· ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈοÌÂÁ¿Ïo appleoÛoÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁËı¤ÓÙˆÓ Ì·ÙÈÒÓ ı·ÂÌÊ·Ó›ÛÂÈ Î·Ù·ÚÚ¿ÎÙË. ∏ ·appleo˘Û›· Ùo˘ ˘·ÏoÂÈ-‰o‡˜ Î·È Ë apple·Úo˘Û›· appleÏÂÈ¿‰·˜ ·ÚÓËÙÈÎÒÓ apple·Ú·-ÁfiÓÙˆÓ appleo˘ Û˘Óo‰Â‡o˘Ó appleoχ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÙoÓ Î·Ù·ÚÚ¿-ÎÙË ·˘Ùfi ÁÂÓÓo‡Ó ‰˘ÛÎoϛ˜ Î·È ÂappleÈ‚¿ÏÏo˘Ó ¯ÂÈ-ÚÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ Ù·ÎÙÈΤ˜ Ì ÙȘ oappleo›Â˜ appleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· ›ӷÈÂÍoÈÎÂȈ̤Óo˜ o ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁfi˜. ¤Ú·Ó ·˘Ùo‡, ı·appleÚo·„o˘Ó ‰˘ÛÎoϛ˜ Ì ÙËÓ Ì¤ÙÚËÛË Î·È ÂappleÈÏoÁ‹Ùo˘ ÂÓ‰oÊ·Îo‡, ÁÈ· ÙȘ oappleo›Â˜ appleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· ·ÎoÏo˘ı‹ÛÂÈηÓ›˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚo˘˜ ηÓfiÓ˜.∂Í ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ apple¿ıËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ oappleo›· ¤ÁÈÓ ˂ÈÙÚÂÎÙoÌ‹, Ùo appleÚoÛ‰oÎÒÌÂÓo ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁÈÎfi ·appleoÙ¤-ÏÂÛÌ·, ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÁ¯Â›ÚËÛË Ùo˘ ηٷÚÚ¿ÎÙË, ıˆ-ÚÂ›Ù·È ÁÂÓÈο ÂappleÈÛʷϤ˜. ∞˘Ùfi ÂappleÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ Î·È ÙËÓ·Ó¿ÏoÁË ÂÓË̤ڈÛË Ùo˘ ·ÛıÂÓo‡˜ appleÚÈÓ ÙËÓ Âapple¤Ì-‚·ÛË. OÈ Û˘Ì‚o˘Ï¤˜ appleÚ¤appleÂÈ Ó· ‰›ÓoÓÙ·È Î·Ù¿ ÙÚfiappleoÛ·Ê‹ Î·È Ú·ÏÈÛÙÈÎfi, ÒÛÙ ӷ ‰È·ÌoÚÊÒÓo˘ÓÎ·È Û’ ·˘ÙfiÓ Ú·ÏÈÛÙÈΤ˜, Âapple›Û˘, appleÚoÛ‰o˘.Δ¤Ïo˜, Ë ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ Ù¯ÓÈ΋˜, ·appleoÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·Ù˘ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˘ Ì ÙoÓ ¯ÚfiÓo ÂÌappleÂÈÚ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘Ù¯ÓoÏoÁÈ΋˜ ÂͤÏÈ͢, ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÂÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ·Îfi-ÌË Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁÈο ·appleoÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·, fiappleˆ˜appleÚo·appleÙÂÈ Ì¤Û· ·applefi ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÏoÁ˜ ÂappleÈÛÙËÌoÓÈΤ˜ÌÂϤÙ˜.μÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·1. AÏÂÍ·Ó‰Ú›‰Ë˜ ∞, ¢ÂÚÂÎÏ‹˜ ¢., §¿Î ., ¢ËÌËÙÚ¿Îo˜ ,OÈÎoÓoÌ›‰Ë˜ , ·Ï·ÛÛfiappleo˘Ïo˜ . ∏ ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÏ·›o˘ÛÈÏÈÎfiÓ˘ ÛÙË ¯ÂÈÚo˘ÚÁÈ΋ Ù˘ ·appleoÎfiÏÏËÛ˘ Ùo˘·ÌÊ/‰o‡˜ . OÊı. ÃÚoÓÈο 32, 3: 299-302, 1995.2. Blankenship G, Machemer R. Longterm diabetic vitrectomyresults: Report of 10 year follow up. Ophthalmology92: 503-506, 1985.3. Blodi BA, Paluska SA. Cataract after vitrectomy in youngpatiens. Ophthalmology 104: 1992-1995, 1997.4. Casswell AG, Gregor ZJ. Silicone oil removal I. The effecton the complications of silicone oil. Br J Ophthalmol71: 893-897, 1987.5. Cherfan GM, Michels RG, De Bustross. Nuclear scleroticcataract after vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membranescausing macular pucker. Am J Ophthalmol 111:434-438, 1991.6. Christiansen JM, Kollarits CR, Fukni H. Intraocularirrigating solutions and lens clarity. Am J Ophthalmol82: 594-597, 1976.7. Cionni RJ, Watanabe T. Congenital subluxation of thecrystalline lens and surgical treatment pp 20-21, Burattou’sGW, Ttorofare, Slack, 2000.8. De Bustros S, Thompson JT, Michels RG. Nuclear sclerosisafter vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membranes.Am J Ophthalmol 105: 160-164, 1988.9. Dereklis DL, Lake SS, Bufidis Th. A. Presence of intraocularsilicon oil linked to important refractive changes.Ocular Surgery News, Vitreous and Retina, Inter-
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