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30 Guieb(PAWB 2004). The NIPAS Act of 1992, or Republic Act No. 7586, providesthe criteria and processes for the selection of several categories ofprotected areas, and the island is designated for inclusion as a nationallylegislated protected area. Batasan’s inclusion into NIPAS has implicationsfor the use and management of the island’s marine environment and forthe contest among villagers over tenure within their settlements andrights to the resources of their island.Based on the household census I conducted in 2004, fishing is themain source of livelihood for practically all the 212 households in Batasan.It is difficult to estimate the number of fishers engaged in specificmethods as fishers in Batasan may simultaneously fish with various gearor target specific species, depending on and according to the lunar cycle,tidal levels, wind directions, sea currents, fish migration or movementpatterns, and market demands. Classification of fishers is also difficult toascertain as fishers in Batasan may classify themselves according to thegear used or the target species. Many fishers, nevertheless, specialise inspecific fishing methods or target species even if they simultaneously oralternately engage in other methods of fishing. Table 1 provides anestimate of the different types of fishers in Batasan based on how theyclassified themselves on the census that I conducted in 2004.The gear that Batasan fishers use are generally those that areallowed in municipal waters (within 15km from the shoreline). Types offishing based on gear include spear fishing (pana), lantern fishing (panuoor panô), net fishing (pokot, including panikbong and yabyab), line fishing(pasol, including palanggre or bottom-set longline and subid or troll line),pot or trap fishing (e.g., timing and panggal), dive fishing (manawom, withor without compressor units), and corral fishing (bunsod). Based on targetspecies, types of fishing include blue crab fishing (panlambay), fishing fortropical or aquarium fish (panimilya), and squid fishing (pangnokos).Fishers cover the entire Batasan reef for their fishing. Sites areselected based on target species, gear used, distance from the island, andother geographic and ecological factors. They also go to fishing groundsoutside their island-barangay (Figure 1), specifically those under thejurisdiction of the municipalities of Tubigon (off the villages of Ubay,Calawrinyo or Clariño, Balicog, Kanlangi, Bagongbanua, Calamosi,Tambulian, Pangapasan, Inanoran, Cabgan and Tubaon), Clarin(especially in Silo-siloan and Madietpet), Inabanga (on the shores ofCoameng and Bugatosan), and Calape (near Mantatao Island). Batasanfishers also compete with fishers from other islands and coastal villages
Place Names, Seascape and Cartography of Marine Rights31Table 1. Types of fishers in Batasan based on household censusconducted by the author in 2004. Note. Enumeration is by singleresponse of working individuals who indicated a specific type of fishingas either a full-time activity or a primary source of cash income.Types of FisherNumber ofindividualsPercentage offisher populationSpear fisher (mamanaay) 47 17.47Blue crab fisher ( manlambayay) 36 13.38Lantern fisher ( manoay) 30 11.15Net fisher ( mamokotay) 28 10.41Timing pot/trap fisher ( manimingay) 24 8.92Aquarium fish collector ( manimilyaay) 21 7.81Line fisher, incl. Those using palanggre orchain or long line (mamasolay)20 7.44Squid fisher using troll line ( manubiray) 18 6.69Fishing, general ( managatay) 14 5.20Corral fisher ( mamunsoray) 11 4.09Others: (species-specific or other gear) 20 7.43Grouper (3) ( pugapo)Compressor diver (3)White clam fisher (4) (manambayang)Shellfish diver (4) ( manawom kinhason)Panggal trap fisher (2) ( mamanggalay)Fisher targeting garfish (bawo) (2)(pamalong)Sea urchin fisher (2) (manuyom)Total 269 99.99
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Page 11 and 12: Comets, Cults, and Coins 3the mater
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Page 15 and 16: Comets, Cults, and Coins 7historica
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Page 27 and 28: Comets, Cults, and Coins 19perspect
Page 29: Comets, Cults, and Coins 21Rochberg
Page 32 and 33: 24Guiebexploratory visit to Batasan
Page 34 and 35: 26looks into how certain claims to
Page 36 and 37: 28Guieblocated off northwestern Boh
Page 40 and 41: 32 Guiebwho come to their reef. The
Page 42 and 43: 34 GuiebSayer (1995) argues that it
Page 44 and 45: 36Guiebrest in this site)’ was ho
Page 46 and 47: 38 Guiebisland, which is also calle
Page 48 and 49: 40 Guiebof their marine environment
Page 50 and 51: 42 Guiebestablishment of an MPA on
Page 52 and 53: 44 Guiebconservation. Village-encod
Page 54 and 55: 46 Guiebharvest. Regardless of econ
Page 56 and 57: 48 GuiebIn Batasan, sites with perm
Page 58 and 59: 50 Guiebcorrals vulnerable to theft
Page 60 and 61: 52 Guiebecology of marine conservat
Page 62 and 63: 54 GuiebDios. 2006. Coastal Environ
Page 64 and 65: 56 Guieb1918 manuscript. Manila: Th
Page 66 and 67: 58 GuiebUmali, A. F. 1950. Guide to
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Microlithic Sites of Mandla 85offer
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Microlithic Sites of Mandla 91group
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Microlithic Sites of Mandla 95admin
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Microlithic Sites of Mandla 107iws.
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Microlithic Sites of Mandla 109www.
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112Eusebioacross Southeast Asia and
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114archaeologists do not publish in
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120Eusebiojournals, the topic gaine
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122Eusebio125:175-192.Dolukhanov, P
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124ParrenoSoares, P., J. A. Trejaut
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126made by the public. Quantifying
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128MelendresPhilippines, some are r
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136home, accompanied by bursts of f
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140have used important Southeast As
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142ReferencesSteinberg, D. J. (ed.)
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144the law would protect a child ev
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Wills, J. E. Jr. 2011. China and Ma
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Hukay

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