network protocols handbook.pdf

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122Protocols GuideVoice Over IP(VOIP) - SignallingAudioAppsVideoAppsTerminal Call ManagerG.711G.729G.723.1H.261H.263RTCPH.225.0RASH.225.0CallAlgnallingH.245ControlAlgnallingT.120DataRTFTransport Protocols & Network InterfaceFigure 2-6: H.323 Protocol Stack StructureRelated protocolsRTP, RTSP, SIP, Megaco, H.248, Q.931, H.225Sponsor SourceH.323 is a ITU-T (http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ ) standard.Referencehttp://www.h323forum.org/papers/H.323 papers and documents
123Protocols GuideVoice Over IP(VOIP) - SignallingProtocol NameH.225.0: Call signalling protocolsand media stream packetizationfor packet-basedmultimedia communicationsystemsProtocol DescriptionH.225.0, a key protocol in the H.323 VOIP architecture definedby ITU-T, is a standard to cover narrow-band visual telephoneservices defined in H.200/AV.120-Series Recommendations.It specifically deals with those situations where the transmissionpath includes one or more packet based networks, each ofwhich is configured and managed to provide a non-guaranteedQoS, which is not equivalent to that of N-ISDN, such that additionalprotection or recovery mechanisms beyond those mandatedby Rec. H.320 are necessary in the terminals. H.225.0describes how audio, video, data and control information on apacket based network can be managed to provide conversationalservices in H.323 equipment. H.225 has two major parts:Call signaling and RAS (Registration, Admission and Status).H.225 call control signaling is used to setup connections betweenH.323 endpoints. This is achieved by exchanging H.225protocol messages on the call-signaling channel. The call-signalingchannel is opened between two H.323 endpoints or betweenan endpoint and the gatekeeper. The ITU H.225 recommendationspecifies the use and support of Q.931 signaling messages.A reliable (TCP) call control channel is created across anIP network on TCP port 1720. This port initiates the Q.931 callcontrol messages for the purpose of connecting, maintaining,and disconnecting calls. When a gateway is present in the networkzone, H.225 call setup messages are exchanged eithervia Direct Call Signaling or Gatekeeper-Routed Call Signaling(GKRCS). The gatekeeper decides the method chosen duringthe RAS admission message exchange. If no gatekeeper ispresent, H.225 messages are exchanged directly between theendpoints.H.225/RAS (Registration, Admission and Status) is the protocolbetween endpoints (terminals and gateways) and gatekeepers.The RAS is used to perform registration, admissioncontrol, bandwidth changes, status, and disengage proceduresbetween endpoints and gatekeepers. An RAS channel is usedto exchange RAS messages. This signaling channel is openedbetween an endpoint and a gatekeeper prior to the establishmentof any other channel.Protocol Structure1 2 3 4 8bitProtocol Discriminator0 0 0 0 Length of call reference bitsCall reference value0 Message typeInformation Elements• Protocol discriminator - Distinguishes messages foruser-network call control from other messages.• Length of call ref - The length of the call referencevalue.• Call reference value - Identifies the call or facilityregistration/cancellation request at the local usernetworkinterface to which the particular messageapplies. May be up to 2 octets in length.• Message type - Identifies the function of the messagesent.• Information elements - Two categories of informationelements are defined: single octet information elementsand variable length information elements, asshown in the following illustrations.Key RAS messages:1 4 8bit1 IEI Contents of IE1 8bit1 IE Identifier1 8bit1 IEIMessageRegistrationRequest(RRQ)AdmissionRequest(ARQ)BandwidthRequest(BRQ)DisengageRequest(DRQ)InfoRequest (IRQ)Length of contents of IEContents of IE (variable)FunctionRequest from a terminal or gateway to registerwith a gatekeeper. Gatekeeper either confirmsor rejects (RCF or RRJ).Request for access to packet network fromterminal to gatekeeper. Gatekeeper eitherconfirms or rejects (ACF or ARJ).Request for changed bandwidth allocation,from terminal to gatekeeper. Gatekeeper eitherconfirms or rejects (BCF or BRJ).If sent from endpoint to gatekeeper, DRQinforms gatekeeper that endpoint is beingdropped; if sent from gatekeeper to endpoint,DRQ forces call to be dropped. Gatekeepereither confirms or rejects (DCF or DRJ). If DRQsent by gatekeeper, endpoint must reply withDCF.Request for status information from gatekeeperto terminal.
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XIVPerfacePrefaceWe are living in t
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2Network Communication Architecture
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10Network Communication Architectur
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12Protocols GuideTCP/IP Protocolspo
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14Protocols GuideTCP/IP - Applicati
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52Protocols GuideTCP/IP - Session L
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54Protocols GuideTCP/IP - Transport
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172Protocols GuideWAN - Broadband A
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188Protocols GuideWAN - Other WAN P
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204Protocols GuideLAN - Virtual LAN
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210Protocols GuideLAN - Wilress LAN
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216Protocols GuideLAN - Other Proto
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224Protocols GuideMAN Protocols(0).
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226Protocols GuideStorage Area Netw
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230Protocols GuideSAN ProtocolsThe
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234Protocols GuideSAN ProtocolsSpon
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240Protocols GuideISO Protocols in
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242Protocols GuideISO Protocols - A
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278Protocols GuideCisco Protocolsti
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280Protocols GuideNovell NetWare an
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288Protocols GuideIBM ProtocolsSNAT
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292Protocols GuideIBM ProtocolsSNA
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300Protocols GuideAppleTalk: Apple
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302Protocols GuideDECnet and Protoc
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304Protocols GuideSS7 / C7 Protocol
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318Protocols GuideOther Protocols
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320Protocols GuideOther ProtocolsPr
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322Protocols GuideOther ProtocolsPr
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324Network Protocols Dictionary: Fr
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342Network Communication Protocols
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