network protocols handbook.pdf

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60Protocols GuideTCP/IP - Transport Layer ProtocolsRelated protocolsIP, UDP, ICMP, SNMP, FTP, TELNET, SMTP, RPC, XDR, andNFSSponsor SourceTCP is defined by IETF (http://www.ietf.org) RFC793.Referencehttp://www.javvin.com/protocol/rfc793.pdfTCP Specificationshttp://www.javvin.com/protocol/rfc3168.pdfThe Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IPhttp://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbersTCP and UDP port numbers
61Protocols GuideTCP/IP - Transport Layer ProtocolsProtocol NameUDP: User Datagram ProtocolProtocol DescriptionUDP is a connectionless transport layer (layer 4) protocol in theOSI model which provides a simple and unreliable messageservice for transaction-oriented services. UDP is basically aninterface between IP and upper-layer processes. UDP protocolports distinguish multiple applications running on a single devicefrom one another.Since many network applications may be running on the samemachine, computers need something to make sure the correctsoftware application on the destination computer gets the datapackets from the source machine and some way to make surereplies get routed to the correct application on the source computer.This is accomplished through the use of the UDP “portnumbers”. For example, if a station wished to use a DomainName System (DNS) on the station 128.1.123.1, it would addressthe packet to station 128.1.123.1 and insert destinationport number 53 in the UDP header. The source port numberidentifies the application on the local station that requested domainname server, and all response packets generated by thedestination station should be addressed to that port number onthe source station. Details of UDP port numbers can be foundin the reference.Unlike TCP, UDP adds no reliability, flow-control, or error-recoveryfunctions to IP. Because of UDP’s simplicity, UDP headerscontain fewer bytes and consume less network overhead thanTCP.UDP is useful in situations where the reliability mechanisms ofTCP are not necessary, such as in cases where a higher-layerprotocol or application might provide error and flow control.UDP is the transport protocol for several well-known applicationlayerprotocols, including Network File System (NFS), SimpleNetwork Management Protocol (SNMP), Domain Name System(DNS), and Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).Protocol Structureother information. If not used, a value of zero is inserted.• Destination port – 16 bits. Destination port has ameaning within the context of a particular Internetdestination address.• Length – 16 bits. The length in octets of this user datagram,including this header and the data. The minimumvalue of the length is eight.• Checksum -- 16-bits The sum of a pseudo headerof information from the IP header, the UDP headerand the data, padded with zero octets at the end, ifnecessary, to make a multiple of two octets.• Data – Contains upper-level data information.Related protocolsIP, TCP, ICMP, SNMP, DNS, TFTP and NFSSponsor SourceUDP is defined by IETF (http://www.ietf.org) RFC768.Referencehttp://www.javvin.com/protocol/rfc768.pdfUser Datagram Protocol (UDP) Specificationshttp://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbersUDP and TCP port numbersSource portLength16 32bitDestination portChecksumData• Source port – 16 bits. Source port is an optional field.When used, it indicates the port of the sending processand may be assumed to be the port to whicha reply should be addressed in the absence of any
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ITable of ContentsTable of Contents
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IVTable of ContentsCR-LDP: Constrai
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VITable of ContentsCOPS: Common Ope
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VIIITable of ContentsGARP: Generic
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XTable of ContentsIGRP: Interior Ga
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XIVPerfacePrefaceWe are living in t
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2Network Communication Architecture
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110Protocols GuideSecurity and VPN
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120Protocols GuideVoice Over IP(VOI
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150Protocols GuideWANOtherxDSL: Dig
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152Protocols GuideWAN - ATM Protoco
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170Protocols GuideWAN - Broadband A
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178Protocols GuideWAN - PPP Protoco
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188Protocols GuideWAN - Other WAN P
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196Protocols GuideLAN - Ethernet Pr
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204Protocols GuideLAN - Virtual LAN
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210Protocols GuideLAN - Wilress LAN
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216Protocols GuideLAN - Other Proto
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222Protocols GuideMAN ProtocolsProt
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224Protocols GuideMAN Protocols(0).
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226Protocols GuideStorage Area Netw
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228Protocols GuideSAN ProtocolsProt
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230Protocols GuideSAN ProtocolsThe
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232Protocols GuideSAN Protocols•
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234Protocols GuideSAN ProtocolsSpon
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240Protocols GuideISO Protocols in
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242Protocols GuideISO Protocols - A
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262Protocols GuideISO Protocols - N
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268Protocols GuideCisco ProtocolsPr
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278Protocols GuideCisco Protocolsti
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280Protocols GuideNovell NetWare an
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288Protocols GuideIBM ProtocolsSNAT
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290Protocols GuideIBM ProtocolsProt
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292Protocols GuideIBM ProtocolsSNA
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300Protocols GuideAppleTalk: Apple
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302Protocols GuideDECnet and Protoc
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304Protocols GuideSS7 / C7 Protocol
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318Protocols GuideOther Protocols
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320Protocols GuideOther ProtocolsPr
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322Protocols GuideOther ProtocolsPr
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324Network Protocols Dictionary: Fr
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342Network Communication Protocols
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